Nouns can be countable or uncountable.
Countable Nouns can be counted, e.g. an apple, two apples, three apples, etc.
Uncountable Nouns cannot be counted, e.g. air, rice, water, etc.
Slide 2
For positive sentences we can use a/an for singular nouns or some for plurals.
There's a banana on the table.
I have some eggs in the kitchen.
For negatives sentences we can use a/an for singular nouns or any for plurals.
I don't have an orange.
There aren't any candies.
We use there is for singular and there are for plural.
There is one table in the classroom.
There are three chairs in the classroom.
There is a spider in the bath.
There are many people at the bus stop.
We also use There is with uncountable nouns:
There is milk in the fridge.
There is some sugar on the table.
There is ice cream on your shirt.
Contractions
The contraction of there is is there's.
There's a good song on the radio.
There's only one chocolate left in the box.
You cannot contract there are.
There are nine cats on the roof.
There are only five weeks until my birthday.
Negative Form
The negative is formed by putting not after is or are:
There is not a horse in the field.
There are not eight children in the school.
There is not a tree in the garden.
There are not two elephants in the zoo.
We almost always use contractions when speaking.
The Negative contractions are:
There's not = There isn't
There are not = There aren't
Slide 6
There is / There are
There aren't with ANY
When we want to indicate that a zero quantity of something exists we use there aren't any.
There aren't any people at the party.
There aren't any trees in my street.
We also use this structure with uncountable nouns:
There isn't any water in the swimming pool.
There isn't any sugar in my coffee.
Questions
To form a question we place is / are in front of there.
Again we use any with plural questions or those which use uncountable nouns.
We also use there is / are in short answers.
Is there a dog in the supermarket? - No, there isn't.
Are there any dogs in the park? - Yes, there are.
Is there a security guard in the shop? - Yes, there is.
Are there any polar bears in Antarctica? - No, there aren't.
Is there any ice-cream in the freezer? - Yes, there is.
HOW MANY
We use How Many with Countable Nouns
How many apples are there?
How many eggs are there in the kitchen?
How many cookies are there ?
How many peaches are there in the fridge?
How many Star Wars films are there?
HOW MUCH
We use How Much with Uncountable Nouns
How much rice we need to buy?
How much sugar your dessert needs?
How much meat are there?
How much coffee are there in the coffee pot?