VERBS |IREGULAR VERBS be was/were been begin began begun break broke broken bring brought brought buy bought bought build built built choose chose chosen come came come cost cost cost cut cut cut do did done draw drew drawn drive drove driven eat ate eaten feel felt felt find found found get got got give gave given go went gone have had had hear heard heard hold held held keep kept kept know knew known leave left left lead led led let let let lie lay lain lose lost lost make made made mean meant meant meet met met pay paid paid put put put run ran run say said said see saw seen sell sold sold send sent sent set set set sit sat sat speak spoke spoken spend spent spent stand stood stood take took taken teach taught taught tell told told think thought thought understand understood understood wear wore worn win won won write wrote written

Irregular plural nouns are nouns that do not become plural by adding -s or -es, as most nouns in the English language do. You’re probably familiar with many of these already. For example, the plural form of man is men, not mans. The plural form of woman is women, not womans. There are hundreds of irregular plural nouns, and in truth, you must memorize them through reading and speaking. There are, however, some common patterns to look out for.   Here’s a tip: Want to make sure your writing always looks great? Grammarly can save you from misspellings, grammatical and punctuation mistakes, and other writing issues on all your favorite websites. The most common irregular plurals Nouns ending in -f and -fe To make a plural of a word ending in -f, change the f to a v and add es. Similarly, if a word ends in -fe, change the f to a v and add an s. The result for both types is a plural that ends in -ves. This spelling arose because of the difficulty of pronouncing f and s together in English (an attempt to do this will produce a v sound). Singular (-f, -fe)Plural (-ves) knife knives life lives wife wives calf calves leaf leaves Exceptions: roofs and proofs (among others). Nouns ending in -o Plurals of words ending in -o are usually made by adding -es. Singular (-o)Plural (-oes) potato potatoes tomato tomatoes hero heroes torpedo torpedoes veto vetoes But of course, there are exceptions. (Aren’t there always?) Some words ending in -o that are borrowed from other languages take only an s to make a plural, such as pianos, cantos, photos, and zeros. Cello, which is an abbreviation of the Italian word violoncello, can be written the traditional way, celli, or the commonly accepted anglicized way, cellos. Nouns that change vowels Many English words become plural by changing their vowels, such as oo to ee or an to en. SingularPlural (vowel change) foot feet tooth teeth goose geese man men woman women Fun fact: The eighteenth-century American dictionary reformer Noah Webster preferred spellings that were closer to their most common pronunciations. Thus, he advocated for the return of the Old English plural wimmen. Wouldn’t that have been convenient? Irregular nouns that change substantially For a variety of historical reasons, some words change in spelling substantially when made plural. louselice SingularPlural mouse mice die dice ox oxen child children person people* penny pence (in British usage) Irregular nouns that do not change at all when made plural Some English nouns are identical in both the singular and the plural forms. Many of these are names for animals. Singular/ Plural (no change) sheep fish moose swine buffalo shrimp trout   I have seen several deer when walking in the woods near here.   How many shrimp did you catch?   Aircraft, watercraft, hovercraft, and spacecraft are all the same whether singular or plural.   NASA has made several different types of spacecraft in their fifty-nine-year history.   Plurals of Latin and Greek words There are certain words we use on a regular basis, especially in mathematical and scientific contexts, that are borrowed from Latin or Greek. Many of these words retain their Latin or Greek plurals in math and science settings. Some of them also have anglicized plural forms that have come into common use. Nouns ending in -us To make a word ending in -us plural, change -us to -i. Many plurals of words ending in -us have anglicized versions, formed by simply adding -es. The latter method sounds more natural in informal settings. If there is an anglicized version that is well accepted, this will be noted in the dictionary entry for the word you are using. Singular (-us)Plural (-i) focus foci (also focuses) radius radii (also radiuses) fungus fungi nucleus nuclei cactus cacti alumnus alumni* octopus octopuses (or octopi) hippopotamus hippopotami (or hippopotamuses) With the double i, radii (pronounced RAY-dee-i) sounds unwieldy, but if you are a mathematician, you probably use it every day. If you are a zoologist, you might say, “Hey, did you see those hippopotami?” but it would sound silly on a casual visit to the zoo. Many people resist the spelling octopuses, but it is perfectly acceptable. In fact, if you put a fine point on it, since octopus is of Greek origin rather than from Latin, theoretically the spelling should be octopodes, not octopi. Irregular formation of nouns ending in -is Nouns with an -is ending can be made plural by changing -is to -es. Some people have a hard time remembering that the plural of crisis is crises and the plural of axis is axes, but crisises and axises are incorrect. Singular (-is)Plural (-es) axisaxes (this is also the plural of ax and axe) analysis analyses crisis crises thesis theses Irregular formation of nouns ending in -on These Greek words change their -on ending to -a. Singular (-on)Plural (-a) phenomenon phenomena criterion criteria Irregular formation of nouns ending in -um Words ending in -um shed their -um and replace it with -a to form a plural. The plurals of some of these words are far better known than their singular counterparts. Singular (-um)Plural (-a) datum data memorandum memoranda bacterium bacteria stratum strata curriculum curricula (also curriculums) Irregular formation of nouns ending in -ix Nouns ending in -ix are changed to -ices in formal settings, but sometimes -xes is perfectly acceptable. Singular (-ex, -ix)Plural (-ces, -xes) index indices (or indexes) appendix appendices (or appendixes, in a medical context) vortex vortices (or vortexes) These rules for irregular plural nouns must simply be memorized, although it is helpful to understand the patterns first in order to master them. We also have information on the Grammarly blog about patterns for regular nouns.

uses:to talk about actions started and finished in the past I saw you yesterday . she bought me a pair of shoes last weekend to talk about actions that happened one before other .  i woke up .then ,i had my breakfast. and brushed my teeth .                                                              do/does A- subj +verb +compl                                                                                                                                    did she worked in a shop regulars they ate (eat) a sandwich irregulars                  I-did + subj + verb (infinitive)+.....? did she work in a shop? did they eat a sandwich? N-subj + did not/didn´t + verb (infinitive) + ..... she didn´t work... they didn´t eat... HARRY POTTER WH-? +did+subj+verb+?                               (inf) 1.when did they sell their home? 2.what time did the meeting begin? 3.how did he pay for the car?  4.where did they eat lunch? 4.who did he walk with to school? 5.how much the tickets cost? 6.in which row did they sit? 7.where did she go after the lesson? 8.how many years did you work there 9. how long did the meeting last?

motto(lema) to give st a go (darle una oportunidad) trend (tendencia) tight (ajustado)

regular       playED enjoyed------loveD verbs          workED-----study/IED /-D/          /-T/           /-ID/ loved     cooked       visited