GS Paper - 3 | GS Paper - 2 | Growth & Development | Groupings & Agreements Involving India and/or Affecting India's Interests Deadlock in RCEP Trade Negotiations   RCEP is a proposed regional economic integration agreement among the 10 ASEAN countries and its six free-trade agreement partners—Australia, New Zealand, Japan, China, South Korea and India. Once implemented, it would result in one of the largest free trade bloc accounting for 45% of the world's population, and a combined GDP of about $21.3 trillion and 40% of the world trade. * SAGAR MAITRI Mission - The prime objectives of the SAGAR MAITRI Mission by DRDO are data collection from the entire North Indian Ocean, focussing on the Andaman Sea and adjoining seas and establishing a long-term collaboration with eight IOR countries in the field of ocean research and development. INS – Sagardhwani embarked on 2 month long SAGAR MAITRI mission 2. * Cross border 69km petroleum products pipeline of 2 mn metric ton per annum from motihari, India to amlekhgunj in Nepal. It is south Asia 1st cross border petroleum products pipeline. * India-Korea logistics pact to use each other's naval facility. * BRICS founded in 2006 first coined by British minister Neil in 2001 as BRIC as global emerging market- recent meet held in Brazil n First BRIC was held in Russia in 2009. South Africa added in 2010. It accounts for 42% of world population, 23% global GDP, 17% world trade , 26.6% world land area, 13.24% of World bank voting power.   * 6th ASEAN Defense minister meeting plus (ADMM+) include ASEAN with other 8 member countries (India, China, Japan, Australia, new zealand, South Korea, USA n Russia) First ADMM+ was held in Hannoi, Vietnam in 2010 which was decided in 2nd ADMM meet in 2007 in Singapore. ADMM plus follows the ADMM+ chairmanship and currently chaired by Thailand.   * 

Non -Nagas in DIMAPUR - Recently, the State Cabinet had taken a decision to extend the operation of the Bengal1873 Regulation in Dimapur. Therefore, many non-Nagas who have landed properties with commercial shops, godowns, etc. and who are staying in as tenants, and many locals who earn their income by means of collecting rent from tenants would be adversely affected * Smart policing survey -kalu police station in RJ bikaner topped.started in 2015. * International trade center (WTO+UN in 1964) report the same competitiveness outlook 2019 : big money for small business. enhancing access to SME's - SDG-9.3 N SDG-8.3 * Saubhagya Lakshmi scheme - The scheme is lapsed on 31st Mar 2019, however 100% electrification in the country is not yet achieved, govt said all willing houses are electrified.  Concern - There is no budget allocation for this scheme and RJ govt said there are around 1.53 lac houses which are not electrified and same concern has been raised by other states as well. owning to "Left wing Extremism" even in chattisgarh many villages are unelectrified. India is 3rd largest in Electricity production however as it has signed "Paris accord" by 2030 india's 40% installed power prod should b of clean energy (100 GW from solar, 60 GW from wind, 10 GW from bio-power and 5 GW from small hydro power) india is 4th largest in wind power generation and 5th in Solar power generation. overall at 5th place globally in clean energy production. * Draft Model tenancy Act 2019, to make 1.1 crore vacant houses (as per 2011 census) filled & achieve housing for all by 2022. Mandate tenants n landlord to do an agreement to avoid any issue n capping deposit of Max 2 months rent for residential n 1 month for non residential property. * Tribes Education -  Tribes in Wayanad district of Kerla are close to 100% literacy rate. President under article 342 is empowered to notify any tribe while parliament is able to amend the list by law on the same. According to 2011 census tribes consist of 8.6% of population whereas only 58.6% are literate. Challenges – Teacher absenteeism, Poor infra, Parents behavior, Economic Condition and Medium of instruction.  Govt Intervention – Eklavya model school – to establish eklavya school on Navodaya model in each district (having tribe population more than 50% of 20k by number) by 2022. Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship Scheme (RGNF): develop skill of tribal student and peruse higher education. Pre and post metric scholarship scheme Vocational training center Recommendation  - Kothari committee – Special attention to education of ST. XaXa committee – greater focus on removing gender discrimination. Awareness campaign, emphasis on job oriented course and Local teacher * Bureau of Indian Standards Act,2016 (is national Standard body for standardization, marking n quality certification of goods) BIS Act allows multiple types of simplified conformity assessment schemes including self-declaration of conformity Precious metals hallmarking is compulsory under BIS (hallmarking) act 2018. Newly identified fields for standardization- Alternate fuels, E-mobility, Medical Devices, Smart Cities, Digital Technologies (e.g. Industry 4.0, Artificial Intelligence, Block Chain etc., New and Renewable energy Reports - Broadband Readiness Index (BRI) by Department of Telecom (DoT) and the Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER) on recommendation of national digital Communication policy n will b published annually on 2 factor 1. On infrastructure n 2. On demand side Parameter. Will b published till 2022 coz after that new digital communication policy will b published. * Anti dumping and anti subsidies & countervailing measures in India are administered by the Directorate General of Anti dumping and Allied Duties (DGAD) functioning in the Department of Commerce in the Ministry of Commerce and Industry and the same is headed by the "Designated Authority,. Designated authority recommends the imposition while min of finance impose this. Recently min of finance imposed anti dumping duty on purified terephthalic acid (PTA) from South Korea n Thailand which is used as raw material for Polyester chips. Sunset review - after anti dumping is issued for 6 month govt can show Moto impose the dumping duty again for 6 months under sunset review. * Govt plans to set up Tesla like battery storage for electric vehicle. Government has also launched the National Mission on Transformative Mobility and Battery Storage to drive mobility solutions and promote clean, connected, shared, sustainable and holistic mobility initiatives. * Livelihoods in Full Employment (LIFE) Project 2015 Under MNREGA - Govt has allowed to have skilling of poor families members under MANREGA skilling programs under 100 days programs and some part of wage compensation will be provided while labour under training. Earlier workers did not get stipened while they were in training and workers completing 100 days program was restricted for the same. This skill program was started under DDU-Grameen kaunsalya yojna for sikilling worker for full time employment. * MP govt Happiness Dept has planned to set up TIMEBANK. There are 500 such time bank in the world ,first being the Japan's time bank in 1973. In 2018, even panel of National human right commission has suggested to set up time bank to help disabled and elderly people to get engaged with who have no family. * 1st NATIONAL Conference on cybercrime investigation n forensic organised by CBI to tackle the cybercrime happening in India. 1978, the National Council of Science Museums (NCSM) was established as a central coordinating agency for national science museums and autonomous body under Min of Culture jointly with dept of science and technology. * Hate crimes in India as per amnessty international report - hate crime as steadily increased in resent in India With 721 such incidents btwn 2015-18. Last year alone there were 218 such incidents, among which 148 were against dalit, 50 against Muslim,40 against women n 8 against each Christan adivasi n Transgender. Mostly sought reason are cow killing n honour killing cases. N happens coz of hate speech worldwide. France has drafted the law against hate speech n Germany has already inacted one. India - Manipur (1st) n Rajasthan. SC - tahseen poonawala v/s union of India - SC has 11 points Prescription for preventive remidial N punitive measure N asked parliament to legislate a law on it.   * Rajasthan launched Jan soochna portal to voluntarily provide info abt dozens of dept on single plateform.it is in accordance with RTI Act section 4(2). Info kiosk in villages n self service e-mitra in Urban areas to enable people access the information. Grievance redresal officers will b appointed to to keep check upon accountability of state govt.   * Hindi diwas - 14th Sept Art 343 (1) - constituent assembly on Sept 14,1949 mention that govt should use Hindi as official language with devnagari script along with English for next 15 years. In India 43.6% people speak Hindi makes it single largest in India. Due to protest in non Hindi states, Jawaharlal Nehru, to introduce the ‘Official Languages Act’ in 1963, which assured the continuation of English along with Hindi as the official language of the Union of India. Anti-Hindi protests of 1965 marked an important turn in India’s official language policy. The ‘Official Languages Act’ was amended in 1967 guaranteeing the "virtual indefinite policy of bilingualism" for all official purposes of the Union. There is no National language as all states are allowed to have there own official language. Art 351 - Empowers union govt to issue directive to all state for Development of Hindi language Hindi Secretariat- in Port Louis, Mauritius was setup for promotion n propagation of Hindi globally.   Hindi is 4th most spoken language in the world after Mariana, Spanish n English. 1st Hindi conference was held on 10th Jan 1975. N since 2006 we celebrate world hindi Day on 10th Jan.   * Jaldoot - MH to spread awareness among public for water conservation. By Regional Outreach Bureau (ROB under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting), Pune in association with MSRTC.  Jaldoot- travelling exhibition on Jalshakti abhiyan.   * Indian migrants are largest amongst world with 6.4% Of worlds total migration as per UN dept of Economic and social affairs (1948-pioneer of SDG) in report International migrant stock 2019. UAE being top migrant place followed by US and then Saudi Arabia. - Countrywise US hold top migrants in the world accounting total 19% of global population. - regionwise Europe holds top position followed by north America , North Africa n west Asia. - 1 in every 7 migrant is below age 20 years. * Jiyo parsi scheme by min of minority affairs In 2013 (100% center center scheme) - Zoroastrians believe in one God called Ahura Mazda (Wise Lord) who created the world. Their holy scripture is called the Avesta. Zoroastrians worship communally in a Fire Temple or Agiary. Zoroastrians are not fire-worshippers but believe that the elements are pure and that fire represents God's light or wisdom. They are one of oldest religion originated in Iran. And celebrate Navroj Iranian new year.  Zoroastrianian Split in 2 group the Iranian n parsis. MH has highest parsi population n followed by GJ. 50% declined from 1941 to 2011. * DIPAM and NITI Aayog will jointly identify PSUs for strategic disinvestment. Till now niti aayog used to decide this. Dept of disinvestment was renamed as Dept of investment and public asset management in 2016. India is 2nd largest producer of cotton after China. Between 2011 and 2018, India implemented a Cotton Technical Assistance Programme (Cotton TAP-I) for seven African countries namely Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali and Chad and also Uganda, Malawi and Nigeria.   * MH has passed protection of media person n media institution bill 2019 n became first state to pass such a bill. This will congnizable offence where police don't require warrant to arrest n will b investigated by DSP and above level.   * 

* Child Nutrition -  Facts - UNICEF - 38% children under age 5 are stunted, a menifestation of Chronic undernutrition. World Food Program (WFP) with Min of Statics and Prog implementation National Food and Nutrition Security Analysis report - malnutrition is highest in india. Report finding - 1) Only 1% decline in malnutrition and by 2022 1/3 children will be stunted inspite of high food yeild. whereas we have target to decrease it to 25% (cuurently around 37%). 2) Access to nutritious food not reached i.e 1811 kilocalories than norm of  2155 kilocalories per day due to population, inequality, food wastage and losses, and exports. 3) Undernutition + Malnutrition + Over Nutrition seen in last decade. especially women and children, suffering from micronutrient deficiency 4 ) UP (48%) and Bihar (46%) worst with 1/2 children stunted. Kerla and Goa best in india with 1/5 children stunted. Most vulnerables are in ST (43.6%), SC (42.5%) and uneducated mother (51%). Key Suggestion - Agri Diversification, Storage capacity, Education, Effective scheme implementation and Awareness. It is very imp to acheive SDG goal 2 - end hunger and all forms of malnutrition and double agricultural productivity in the next 15 years. * J&K first ever investor summit in September-Oct 2019 in Jammu n srinagar to get investment in the . Possiblity of at least 8 countries participation other than India in mostly tourism, handicraft n energy etc * Labour Income Share and Distribution dataset - top 10% labour in india earns the 69% of labour income whereas bottom 10% earns 0.23%. worldwide Poorer countries continues to have greater inequality in terms of income. India's richest 10% own 80% of the wealth whereas 90% have 20% wealth and pay inequality continues to remain constant since 2004 however it has reduced worldwide by 13 years. As per ILO income inequality has rose 6 times in india. * Child labor in Film industry – Child labor (Prohibition and regulation) amendment rules 2017 – No child should work more than 5 hours/day or 3 hours without rest. They cannot be away from school for more than 27 days and 20% of their income should be fixed deposit. Producer also has to sign an undertaking by mentioning safety etc. to district magistrate and there should 1 person handling not more than 5 children taking care of them * POCSO - around 1.5 lacs pocso cases are pending (40k in UP highest) in the country.supreme court in recent judgement ordered all state to open special court for hearing pocso cases. It also said that national commission for protection of child right have no idea about the pocso cases pending in the country.it is coz NCPCR ( established under NCPCR act 2005) still uses old method of collecting the data, no district wise data n no online tool. * Educating the Girl Child: Role of Incentivisation and other enablers and disablers’, done by CRY (Child Rights and You - a Non-Government Organization) - reasons why girls are appearing for higher education. 1. Early marriage, elopement and affairs, lack of awareness abt govt initiative such as beti bachao beti padhao, menstruation,poor roads and transportation, hygiene issues at school, household chores n money issues, no female teacher at college * Govt initiative - min of social justice and empowerment is nodle min for Matters related to elderly. 1. Integrated Program for senior citizen - Centrally scheme to provide quality life to elderly by providing shelter, food, entertainment etc. 2. PM Vaya Vandana yojna - Came in 2017 and give assured 8% interest on deposit for 10 years. 3. Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens (MWPSC) Act, 2007 - need based maintenance of parents, senior citizen and their welfare. * According to UNICEF, in India (2018) Under 5 Mortality Rate is 39 deaths per 1000 live births. Infant Mortality Rate (under one year of age) is 32 deaths per 1000 live births. Neonatal Mortality Rate (during the first 28 days of life) is 24 deaths per 1000 live births. Save the Children and UNICEF have marked that, in 2017, the highest risk factors for child pneumonia death in India were: 53% caused by child wasting, 27% by outdoor air pollution, and 22% caused by indoor air pollution from solid fuels  

Niti Ayog's (Tech assi. of World Bank + consultation from MoHFW) Annual Health Index - Based on 23 parameter major weightage given to mortality rate, total fertility rate, and sex ratio. Kerla topped followed by AP and MH. Worst being UP followed by Bihar. Devided in Large (Kerla topped), UT (Chandigarh topped) and Small (Mizoram topped) https://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/842image6.webp * Celiac decease evry 1 in 140 person in India also called wheat allergy  Is chronic inflammation in small intestine (damage villi ,small fingerlike projection that line the small intestine n promotes nutrients absorption) caused by gluten(general name for protien found in wheat,rye,barley n triticale - gluten acts as glue that binds the food together giving it's shape) and usually present genetically predisposed individual. Celiac decease people are at 2 times greater risk of developing artery desease n 4 times greater risk of small bowel desease. Only treatment is lifelong gluten free diet. Cereal such as wheat is high source of fibre n avoiding it can increase heart risk   * National strategic plan to eliminate TB by 2025 - to eliminate TB from India by 2025 with measures such as provide financial incentive to private sector care provider for reporting n ensuring TB patients complete the course, Direct benifit transfer to patients, n nikshay program. GOI has signed 400$ deal with world bank to eliminate TB by 2025 with maturity period of 19 yrs n 5 year grace period. Need for strategic plan - TB kills half mn people in India. Drug resistant TB is major health issue in India, millions are missing n undetected,low adherence to treatment, unregulated private sector n delayed care seeking by suspected TB patients. TB types - MDR - TB & XDR - TB. GLOBAL BURDEN - as per WHO 2018 GLOBAL TB REPORT - nearly half of the world's MDR-TB (24%) are in India. SDG 2030 to end TB. * Vaccines included in the programme are for diseases including Tuberculosis, Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Polio, Hepatitis B, Pneumonia and Meningitis due to Haemophilus Influenzae type b (Hib), Measles, Rubella, Japanese Encephalitis (JE) and Rotavirus diarrhoea * WHO guidelines for self care in response to a report which says in By 2035 world will have short of 13 million people n currently around 400 million people don't hv access to healthcare. In first volume it mention guidelines for sex n reproductive health which mention for self health check for HIV n other etc Significance - right to health,autonomy n immediate intervention, accessibility. * ICMR - “India: Health of the Nation’s States” report mentions, contribution to Death in india due to NCD's (Diabetese, hypertension Heart, and cancer) is 61.8% in 2016 than  37.9% in 1990.  Reason - Unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, high cholesterol and overweight. Govt steps - National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) is being implemented under the National Health Mission (NHM), Jan Aushdhi Store, PM Swasthya suraksha yojna, Affordable Medicines and Reliable Implants for Treatment (AMRIT) in 159 hospitals/institutions. * WHO guidelines to eliminate transfatty acid by 2023. India has set target to eliminate the same by 2022. currently the limit for artificial trans fatty acid set by FASSAI is 2%. According to WHO still many country has not put trans fatty acid limit which increases heart decease in millions of people. In 2018 WHO has Launched REPLACE program for Industrially produce transfatty acid by 2023. * Special laboratories for genetic disorder - under Human genetics n genome analysis program under DBT under min of science and technology.  As per Health min , 80% of rare health decease are genetic. Half of new cases n 35% death in children are below 1 yr, 15% btwn 1-5 n 10% btwn 5 to 15 yrs. According to govt report genetic decease is 2nd most responsible for child mortality.   * Immune Thrombocytopenia - Intas Pharmaceuticals (Indian drug maker) has launched an affordable drug Romiplostim (Romy) at 1/5th price of drug available in the market which was available internationally since 2008. Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune bleeding disorder characterized by abnormally low levels or decrease of platelets (paletes keeps check on bleeding by clotting of blood) Symptoms - Skin rash n that bruises easily, Red dots on skin, Bleeding of gums,nose and from urine,fecus etc, prolonged menstuation etc. Cause - Genetic cause is still unclear, with no early symptoms unless the paletes count is very low. Own Immune system malfunction and attack body tissue and organs. over 42k patients every year but only 10% have access to medication due to cost associated to maintain paletes Laqshya scheme - Min of women & child dev = Program to reduce Mother (no of death per  1 lac women) and child mortality (per 1K) by providing proper labour room and infrastrucure with adequate staff. Quality is administered by National quality standard assurance. India has reduced maternal mortality ratio (death of regnant women or within 42 days after pregnancy termination) from 167 in 2013/14 to 130 in 2014/16 by 22%. * Rotavirus vaccine - govt is set to release rotavirus vaccine in many states from Sept 2019 (as per WHO 1st dose should be given to children btwn 4-6 weeks) Rotavirus decease - diorrhea (dehydration), vomit, Severe dillemma, stomach pain & fever. It is very contagious n can spread from child to child. Can spread if a child come in contact with fecus of child infected from rotavirus. https://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/484image3.webp The Rotavac has been introduced in India’s Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP) including Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV), Measles, Rubella (MR) vaccine, Adult Japanese Encephalitis (JE) vaccine, Tuberculosis, Diphtheria, Pertussis, Hepatitis B, Pneumonia and Meningitis due to Haemophilus Influenzae type b (Hib) Currently 2 vaccine are available Monovalent vaccine and Pentavalent vaccine. * UN report, The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2019 – More than 821 million people suffered from Hunger worldwide in 2018. Report Prepared by FAO + WHO. Undernourishment – Undernourishment unchanged in last 3 years at slightly below 11% and posing great challenge in achieving SDG 2 .hunger on rise in Africa with 20% and despite great effort in south asia it is at 15%. It is projected that undernutrition will reduce GDP by upto 11% in Africa and Asia. Breastfeeding – Only 40% which is well below SDG goal of 70% of children below 6 months age. Low Birthweight – No progress in mreducing this since 2012. 1 in 7 live birth or 20 million babies suffered low weight in 2015. Stunting – Declined by 10% in past 6 years. Africa & Asia accounted for more than 9 out of 10 globally stunted children. Food insecurity – 2 billion people experience severe or moderate food insecurity. Women food insecurity is higher globally than men and gap is higher in Latin America. Obesity – 40 million children under age 5 suffered from obesity in 2018 due to unhealthy diet (Fast food n coke etc.) Anemia – 33% women in reproductive age which is double of target of 15% of SDG goal. India Specific – Undernourishment declined from 22.2% in 2004-06 to 14% in 2016-18. However food insecurity increased from less than 11% in 2017 to 14% in 2018 (Himalayan region more vulnerable due to natural resource depletion which impacted food production and purchase power parity) Suggestions- Reducing gender inequalities, creating synergy btwn poverty reduction, hunger and malnutrition. Support breastfeeding by policy, Healthy diet and awareness & counteract effect of economic slowdown. * Ebola Virus Disease – Natural Host are Fruit bats of the Pteropodidae family Recently WHO has declared Ebola (Democratic republic of congo) one of the 10 diseases as “threat of global health in 2019” to have technical and financial help globally. Animal to human transmission trough blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected animals such as fruit bats, chimpanzees, gorillas, monkeys, forest antelope or porcupines found ill or dead or in the rainforest. Human to Human Trans – via direct contact (Blood or body fluids of sick dead person by ebola, Body fluid such as vomit, blood and Fecus) Symptoms – Fever, Fatigue, muscle pain, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, impaired kidney/liver function and internal/external bleeding. It is very difficult to distinguish Ebola from other deseases such as malaria, typhoid fever and meningitis but can be dignosed using Virus isolation, ELISA, Electron Microscopy, serum neutralization test, antigen capture and RT-PCR. * National Action Plan for Drug Demand Reduction (NAPDDR) for 2018-2025 by min of social justice and empowerment - Focus on prevention, Treatment n rehabilitation and high vulnerable district. Drug De-addiction Programme (DDAP) was initiated in 1988 under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Globally 3 approaches to Address the drug abuse - supply reduction, demand reduction n harm reduction. * ICMR has Developed A strain for ades aegypti mosquito into which naturally occurring bacteria "Wolbachia" (commonly found abt 60% bacteria in vector species n safe for human n animals) is introduced to control the cases of chikungunya n dengue. This will reduce the replication of viruses which will prevent transfer of virus to human or animal n inturn will reduce the dengue cases N population decline which will replace the ades aegypti to Wolbachia called population replacement strategy. http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/229Untitled-1.webp * Colistin Antibiotic – It is used for therapeutic purpose in veterinary but has been misused in Poultry industry as a growth promoter for prophylactic purpose by Health n welfare min under Drug and cosmetic act 1948 advised by DTAB. It is last resort antibiotic for several critical care units but now they have become anti resistant to this drug. 95% are imported from China so it will be easy to regulate them. China is largest manufacturer of Colistin and it has banned this antibiotic to be used in poultry within its country. * Trauma care center along national highways to bring down preventable deaths due to road accidents by developing pan india trauma care network. WHO’s Global burden decease Project – According to this project Road Traffic accidents cause over 1.27 million deaths a year and can become 5th leading cause of death by 2030 if no precaution is taken. 90% of road traffic accidents happen in Low and middle income country which has only 48% of worlds vehicle. In india road accident mortality n morbidity is highest having only 1% of total worlds vehicle cause 6% of total accidents. * Kan sikul Kan huan (my school,my  Farm ) in mizoram's Lawngtlai district has been role model to fights with shortage of fruits n vegutables in children. * As per report from NATURE SCIENTIFIC REPORT South Asian are at more risk of developing diabetes type 2 than their European counterparts (even if they migrated to Europe and after 4 or 5 generations) considering present unhealthy diet. South Asian Hunter n gatherer had lean body mass n it unchanged after they migrated to Agriculture around 9k years ago. Diabetes- diabetes happens when body INSULIN (which manages body glucose properly) does not manage body sugar properly (type 1 diabetes) or when body does not respond to INSULIN (type 2 diabetes called insuline resistance). * Non-pneumatic Anti shock Garment ( used for pnemonic mother to prevent death after child born due to postpartum haemorrhage - excessive bleeding) Successfully working in Gujrat where maternal death due to PPH was 30% NASG applies pressure to the lower body and abdomen, thereby forcing the blood that was getting accumulated in the pelvic area to other essential organs of the body. Thus, NASG quickly stabilizes patient and gives enough time to doctors for treatment. NASG is part of a local initiative named Sahara, by the district’s development officer (Arun Mahesh Babu) of Ahmedabad district in Gujarat. The officer has started the initiative in November 2018. * Thyroid disease is a common problem that can cause symptoms because of over or under function of the thyroid gland. 10% local with thyroid n 8% with diabetes. https://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/158image2.webp Hypothyroidism - underactive n less Prod of thyroid harmones. Hyperthyroidism - overproduction of thyroid harmones * Cataract - more women are to have cataract decease than men due to their social n economic condition. Govt intervention - 'national program to prevent blindness n visual impairment in 1976 fully centrally sponsored. Cataract - blury eyes , less colour vision, seeing 2 pics rather than 1, colour seems yellow. * Cancer cases in india - As per study cancer cases in India will double by in next 20 years. It can be due to epidemiological transition level (ETL) as life expectancy is increase. Significance- Healthcare, genetic screening n evolution puzzle. Concern- discrimination while hiring, ownership of data n control, fair use. Bhore n mudliar committee recommendation on creating multidisciplinary cancer treatment unit in all medical college n stand alone cancer speciality hospitals for Cancer prevention.   * Iodine - very vital micronutrients to human daily food which help in physical n mental growth n many other things. Tamil Nadu being least consuming iodine state whereas j&k n NE being best among all states.  First of it's kind all India survey was conducted by Nutrition International (a not for profit agency based in Canada) in collaboration with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) and the Indian Coalition for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (ICCIDD). Survey says 73.6% population use inadequate iodine (less than 15 ppm in salt) in daily diet. Govt in 1992 mandated use of iodine in daily human diet. Even SC in 2011 directed the same.   * TB India report 2019 - 21.5 lakhs people notified in Revised National TB control program (RNTCP) in 2018 - 16% increase from 2017. Min of health n family welfare has launched TB Harega, Desh jeetega program. Launched All oral regiment kit for MDR patients where they don't need painful injection which has side-effects too. Along with world bank collaboration of $400mn credit For 9 states.   * Bombay blood group - 1 in 4 million hv this type of blood group n in India 1 in 7600 to 10k (Asia having more due to its interbreeding n close group marriage) Normally there are 4 types of blood group which is recognized if RCB having different antigen( A hvng A antigen, B hvng B, AB having both A n B n O doesn't have A or B but have H type) this is the only difference btwn O n H where O have H antigen bt Bombay blood deficient of H n can donate blood to all type.   * India joined Global anti microbial resistance and research dev hub which is supported by Secretariat in Berlin, Germany. Work of global AMR R&D hub is alligned to - WHO, FAO and OIE (World org of animal health) to enforce One health approach.   * A report released by GLOBAL PREPAREDNESS MONITORING board (independent bodycreated in 2017 and Secretariat in Geneva) - global pandemic deseases may be growing & world isn't prepared for it. Co convened by world bank and WHO. report titled "A world risk" has been authored by 15 global scientists and public health leaders, including India’s principal scientific advisor, Dr K Vijay Raghavan - WHO tracked 1,483 epidemics in 172 countries between 2011 and 2018 - decease such as Ebola, Influenza, yellow fever, plague and Zika. Reason - urbanization, Migration, climate change, widespread faster travel, Population and Conflict. Possible Impact: A pandemic equivalent to the 1918 Spanish Flu could kill 80 million and wipe out nearly 5% of the global economy, devastating health systems and hitting low-resourced communities the hardest. Indian Context: Handled Nipha & Zoonotic Influenza very well, but it is very vulnerable. Solution - country preparedness improvement through money, research n health facility, global fund availability etc. * Karnataka designated necotine as class A poison which is used in e ciggaretts. Necotine is both SEDATIVE & STIMULENT. Nicotine use direct substance in e-cigarette and content range upto 36 mg/ml although regular cigarette contains 1.2 to 1.4 mg/ml. Chewing n snorting Tobacco products releases more necotine in body than smoking. Nicotine causes irritation, burning sensation in mouth n throat, increase salivation, nausea, abdominal pain, committing, diarrhea, cancer, increase blood pressure n pulse rate. * As per WHO there should be 44.4 health Care staff for 1000 people. National sample survey office records - 4.5 doctors in every 10k in private sector n 1 in 11k in public healthcare. Nurses are 1.7 and required no is 3:1. 2.5 Midvives are required but only 1.3 million available * Hepatitis B - mostly get transferred from mother to child, or when come in contact with blood or fluids.  Infect Liver n causes liver cancer n cause around 1lc premature deaths annually. Recently Bangladesh, Bhutan,Nepal n Thailand is declared to have controlled hepatitis B. Which is there is 1% cases of hepatitis B cases among children below 6 years. India - universal coverage program launched in 2002 n scalping up Nationwide in 2011 but around 1 mn gets infected to this chrnic annually. Coverage is 60% as per health min due to unawareness of notification of WHO that vaccine can b used upto 28 days after opening. Vaccine should be given to child b4 24 hours after delivery to avoid vertical infection.   * Shahariya tribe of MP have requested govt for treatment of silicosis instead of Tuberculosis. Silicosis is common in Mining area due to exposure of dust particle of silica. Silicosis is odourless, non irritant n doesn't cause immediate health issue N is incurable n can cause permanent physical problem. Govt steps - Factories Act and Employees Compensation Act, which mandates employers must pay compensation to workers who are afflicted. Factory Act of India (1948) mandates a well-ventilated working environment, provisions for protection from dust, reduction of overcrowding and provision of basic occupational health care. Silicosis is notified decease under mines act 1952, Factories act 1948.   * National nutrition survey - 1st ever comprehensive national nutrition survey has been conducted by min of health n family welfare along with UNICEF by taking urine, blood sample as well. Survey records not only micronutrients deficiency but also non communicable deceases such as heart attack, kidney n hypertension etc. Report finding- co existence of obesity n undernutrition side by side among school going children. - 10% children Among age group between 5 to 19 years are prediabetic. - 5% Have overweight n another 5% have blood pressure issues. -4% have cholesterol n 7% chronic kidney decease. The National Nutrition Survey is different from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) as, NFHS collects data to measure the prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight and household dietary intake to measure deficiencies. Moreover, the survey collects data only for the age groups of 1-5 years and adults, and not for school going children between the age of 5 and 19 years. Govt steps- - mid day meal - POSHAN Abhiyan launched in 2017-18 to reduce stunting, wasting n undernutrition etc. - Pradhan mantri matru Vandana yojna - 6k transfer to pregnant women for nutritional support. - national Food security act 2013 - food security for vulnerable community.   * penicillin - is cheapest option used for Rheumatic heart decease. Indians stopped manufacturing the drug due to high cost  of manufacturing n low price for sell decided by govt. Penicillin is first anti biotics drug discovered in 1924 by Alexander and still used as first line drug by many Western countries. Drug was used to test wounded American souldiers during WWII. Rheumatic fever n heart decease goes undignosed and cause many maternal deaths in India. It is endemic to india happens to be one of the major cause of heart decease accounting to 20 to 25% of heart decease. 2/1000 Maternal dealths due to this decease.as per ICMR report of children between 6-15 years - 6/1000 children have rheumatic deseases. Cause: Rheumatic fever can occur after an infection of the throat with a bacterium called Group A streptococcus n is very common among 5-15 years old. Govt steps - to boost the production of penicilin drug, govt has announced to procure the drug centrally for 3 years which will in turn encourage manufacturer.   * Intensified Mission Indradhanush 2.0, to mark the 25 years of Pulse polio programme. Aims to cover 90% immunization by 2022. Mission Indradhanush was launched in 2014 n has increased immunization Coverage significantly to 87% From 67% in 2014.(official data of national family health survey - 4 reported 64% coverage of immunization) Mission targets children below 2 yrs. provides vaccination against 12 Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (VPD).   * National health profile report by min of health n family welfare states that acute respiratory infection accounts for 69.47% of total morbidity. It is highest in communicable decease accounts 27.21% mortality rate. Pregnant Women , children n old people are more prone to decease * It is 1st tym new subtype of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) called HIV-1 Group M, subtype L is discovered. There r 2 type of HIV, type 1 n type 2. Type 1 is pandamic n mostly prevelant whereas type is is found in central n west African states. * Lancet global health report observed that 23.5% of me in India are anaemic between 15 to 54 age group. Globally 27% men are anaemic and 93% of them are from middle n low income countries. Prevelance of anaemia on the scale of mild (18%) , moderate (5%) n severe (0.5%). This differ in states as well from 9% in Manipur to 33% in Bihar. - geographical n economic cause is same for both women n men. Anaemia - due to iron deficiency or vitamin B12 n A, chronic inflammation, genetic prob. Here red blood cells reduce or their oxygen carrying capacity decrease. * world’s first multi-targeting and carbohydrate-based drug GV-971 for Alzheimer’s disease by China. Made from brown algea can treat moderate to high Alzheimer decease. - Alzheimer is progressive n irreversible brain disorder which slowly destroy memory n thinking ability to perform simple task. Mostly in old age people. - China has highest population of this decease. * World tuberculosis report by WHO annually since 1997 - India account 27% of total TB Burgen followed by China 9% n Indonesia with 8%. TB cause 4k death everyday with highest death count desease. MDR TB - highest burden with India 27%, China 14% n Russia 9%. World tuberculosis report by WHO annually since 1997 - India account 27% of total TB Burgen followed by China 9% n Indonesia with 8%. TB cause 4k death everyday with highest death count desease.. MDR TB - highest burden with India 27%, China 14% n Russia 9%. * Aflatoxin-M1 - found in processed milk in India. Aflatoxins are toxins produced by certain fungi which are generally found in agricultural crops like maize, peanuts, cotton seed and others. They are carcinogenic in nature.  Aflatoxin m1 in milk causes stunting in children According to WHO food containng 1mg of aflatoxin in 1kg or above can cause Aflatoxicosis which can cause liver failure, lethargy, jaundice, nausea eventually leading to the death Aflatoxin-M1 - found in processed milk in India. Aflatoxins are toxins produced by certain fungi which are generally found in agricultural crops like maize, peanuts, cotton seed and others. They are carcinogenic in nature.  Aflatoxin m1 in milk causes stunting in children According to WHO food containng 1mg of aflatoxin in 1kg or above can cause Aflatoxicosis which can cause liver failure, lethargy, jaundice, nausea eventually leading to the death * National Diabetes & Diabetic Retinopathy Survey India 2015-19’ and on ‘National Blindness & Visual Impairment Survey India 2015-19’ were released. Major findings of the survey in India are: One in eight persons above 50 years is Diabetic, One in every 46 diabetics is Blind; and One in seven suffers from some form of visual impairment due to high blood sugar levels. * National Health Mission seeks to ensure the achievement of the following indicators: Reduce Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) to 1/1000 live births Reduce Infant Mortality rate (IMR) to 25/1000 live births Reduce Total Fertility Rate (TFR) to 2.1 Prevention and reduction of anaemia in women aged 15–49 years Prevent and reduce mortality & morbidity from communicable, non- communicable; injuries and emerging diseases Reduce household out-of-pocket expenditure on total health care expenditure Reduce annual incidence and mortality from Tuberculosis by half Reduce the prevalence of Leprosy to <1/10000 population and incidence to zero in all districts Annual Malaria Incidence to be <1/1000 Less than 1 per cent microfilaria prevalence in all districts Kala-azar Elimination by 2015, <1 case per 10000 population in all blocks * Antibiotics- antibiotics is chemical produce by microorganisms which inhibits it's growth or could destroy it. Narrow spectrum antibiotics - which targets only certain organism n do not affect the normal microbial Flora. Bacterial antibiotics - which multiplies itself effectively n affect the normal life of organism. * Lancet global health report mention Different states are having different reasons for premature death. With 9.7 million premature death in the country due Years lost to Life. 1. Suicide- most common in southern states such as tamilnadu j kerla accounting 15% of it's deaths burden 2. Cancer - northern states such UP, HP etc accounts 44% of YLL. 3. Road traffic n related injuries - again mother states like UP accounts for 33%. 4. Liver n alcohol - north east n Bengal Bihar etc accounts for 18%. DALY and YLL DALYs for a disease or health condition are calculated as the sum of the Years of Life Lost (YLL) due to premature mortality in the population and the Years Lost due to Disability (YLD) for people living with the health condition or its consequences Simply, it can be written as DALY= YLL+YLD.   * Lancet report - it states that children will bear the most burden of climate change due to mulnutrition caused by high prices of food n lower production if it is not kept well below 2 degree celcius. - Wheat n rice production is already declined by 2% since 1960. - Vibrio bacteria may increase which causes Cholera rising 3% a year due to warm climate. - diarrhea may spread deadly n heat wave will become norm. Can reverse the Govt gain in last 50 years. * Fluorescence n GeneXpert (also tells if bacteria can resist Rifampicin drug) is used for TB bacteria diagnostic. CLR SeeTB will now b used since it finely Saperated the sputum which gives better result in diagnosing the bacteria than other 2. India has largest number of TB patients in the world n target to eliminate TB by 2025. WHO target for same is 2035   * International diabetes federation released diabetes Atlas.  Accounts for 10% of health expenditure. 1 in 6 diabetes person are in India with 2nd largest diabetes patient country in world after China till 2045. TYPES OF DIABETES Type 1 - Insulin stops working which is a harmones made by pancreas n it transfer glucose from our food to cells for energy. Insulin needs to b taken everyday. Type 2 - Insulin stop performing it's tsk n this contains 90% all diabetes. Women while pregnancy which go eventually after baby is born. But they are prone to develop type 2 later in future.   * Scizophernia - desease which impacts people's ability of thinking n act n lose touch with reality. Causes r unknown n treatment consist of Eliminating the symptoms.   * Min of health and family welfare has launched campaign social awareness and action to nutrilise pneumonia (accounts 15% death if children under 5 annually) in gujrat. Drug Amoxycilin will b given to child and Pulse oxymeter device to check if oxygen is less in blood of children. Steps taken by govt - Target of reducing child death to 3 in 1000 by 2024. - Integrated Action plan for prevention n control pneumonia n Diarrhea (IAPPD) in 2014 to reduce both under 5 children. - vaccination program of 13 vaccine include pneumonia as well.   * Water quality report analysed by Beauro of Indian standard n published by min of Consumer affairs, food n distribution. This analyse the Tap water quality based on few parameter. This is in line with mission jal Shakti which aims to provide tap water to all household by 2024. - Mumbai tap water is safest while Delhi is worst failing in 19 out of 29 Parameters. Way forward  1. Legally binding to have all parameter checked 2.  Integrated view by state govt over housing, sanitation, waste mgt n drinking water etc. 3. Scientific approach for water conservation. 4. Separate agengy to test water quality regular basis 5. Regular data release same as air quality on water. Recent Study shows that more than 2/3rd of Surface water (Rivers) are contaminated by heavy metal and doesn’t meet BIS standards. Iron is leading in all river and Zinc in no water System.   * National Institute of Sowa-Rigpa at Leg, ladhakh - Autonomous National institute under Min of Ayush will act as an Apex body in the country for all other existing or new Sowa rigpa institute. Currently Sowa rigpa works under min of culture.  Sowa - Rigpa - it is science of healing practiced in Himalayan belt n majority of theory n practice same like Ayurveda. Originated in Tibet and practiced in India, Nepal,China, Mangolia,Russia n Bhutan. Yuthog Yonten Gonpo from Tibet is believed to be the father of Sowa Rigpa.   * UNICEF solution 2 reduce child stunting- 1. Mother education 2. Remove open dedication n sanitation 3. Rich diet   * Bhartiya POSHAN krishi kosh ( BPKK 2019) launched by MoWCD with Bill and milinda gates foundation. Divided India into 15 Zones (128 climate zones) based on agro climatic region to have better nutition level in the country. MS swaminathan 5 points 1. Ensure awareness abt nutrition specially mother with child less than 100days. 2. Ensure calories Rich diet to mother, expecting mother n children. 3. Ensure Protien rich food intake such as pulses. 4. Eradicate hidden hunger due to deficiency of Vitamin A, B, Zinc n Iron. - SDG 2 5. Ensure clean drinking water and sanitation. - SDG 6   * TB research finding of Anti drug resistance TB bacteria by Bengaluru scientist - Microphages (type of white blood cells) when get infected by pathogens ( virus or bacteria) as a first line of defence reduces pH level in body I.e making pH acidic. Under this circumtances few bacteria survive in and around Microphages which multiplies the bacteria against the previous notion that only non replicating n weak bacteria are resistant to TB drug. Solution - researcher suggested that with combination of Cloroquine (nutralize the pH level which doesn't protect bacteria from Oxidative stress - used for TB removal ) with Isoniazid (eliminate the TB after Cloroquine effect) in Microphages. It can eliminate TB in 2 months instead of usual 6 months.   * Measels and rubella - 10 mn cases in the world n 142k death. WHO recommend 95% n above coverage whereas coverage in 2018 was 86% for 1st dose n 69% for 2nd. India has reported 72k cases of Measels in 2018-19 making it 3rd largest country in the world. India has 2nd highest unvaccinated children only after Nigeria with 2.3 mn unvaccinated childrens. Recent study says children of 3 months are susceptible to Measels than what was though earlier of 6 months. Measels happens only among human n not animal. It is respiratory decease N is enveloped RNA virus of family Morbillivirus.   * World maleria report by WHO - globally maleria cases has been reduced from 71 cases per 1000 population to 57 per 1k. Deaths also decreased. India also has seen reduction. Global steps - Global technical strategy for maleria, 2016-2030. High burden to high impact in countries where maleria cases are high. India's step- national strategic plan for maleria elimination (NSPME 2017-22) 2. National framework for maleria elimination 2016, which is in line with WHO's global technical strategy for maleria, 2016-2030. 3. ICMR's Maleria elimination research alliance India (MERA India) initiative.   * 

Periodic Labour force report -  Unemployment rate highest in nagaland n lowest in meghalaya in overall n saperate male n female too. Urban in is high with 7.8 per ,rural with 5.3 per overall. Unemployment rate lower in females (5.7 per) than males (6.2 per) Goa kerla have highest female unemployment with 26 per n 23.3 per. Periodic labour survey report -started in 2017 by nsso. For Urban area every quarter with labour force indicator as worker population ratio (per of working population), labour force participation rate (working n searching) and unemployment rate. For rural n Urban it is annually * Oxford economics report - 10% job loss in manufacturing sector in next decade.each new industry robot will replace 1.6 manufacturing job. Loss of job due to automation is also confirmed in future of job report by IMF * Periodic labour force survey - Released by nsso ,mentions that 6.1% people n 17.8% young (15-29) are unemployed. Earning if Urban employees over rural and men over women are higher. 45% regular best salary paid are below 10k n only 4% are having salary above 50k while 72% gets salary if 18k as per 7th pay commission. Govt initiative- MNAREGA, PMGKY (min of rural dev) ,PMEGP (min of micro n small enterprises) &  DAY NULM (Min of housing b Urban affairs). * Labour beauro under min of labour employment conducted PM mudra yojna survey. Report -- 20% loans were used for setting up of new business whereas 80% for upgrading existing business. - loan sanction highest to shishu category (42%), Kishore (34%) n tarun (24%). - new jobs created in shishu (66%), Kishore (18.85%) n tarun (15.51%)  

* India as nonpermanent member of UNSC for 2 years for 2021 -22 voted by unqnimously by 55 countries including Pakistan n China. India has been non permanent member for 7 times n 8th will be 2021-22. every year UNGA hold election of 5 non permanent members on regional basis out of 10. UNSC - 5 Permanent member n 10 non permanent for rotation basis of 2 years.one of six main organ of United nation n only organ having binding decision on member nation * Kobe (hyogo Japan) - ahemedabad sister city Nov 2016 Other in 2013: Delhi - Beijing, Bengaluru - Chengdu and Kolkata - kunming * US Senate has passed National Defense Authorisation Act (NDAA) for the fiscal year 2020, which will bring India at par with NATO counties. Act will provide increased "India - US" defence cooperation, counter terrorism and humanitarian crisis in india ocean region. US has already give India Strategic trade authorization tier - 1 status and Major defence partner (in 2016). * BEPS - India has ratified Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures (MLI - In force in india from Oct 1, 2019) to prevent BEPS - It ensures that profits are taxed where substantive economic activities generating the profits are carried out. MLI is outcome of OECD/G20 project. * The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime's report "global study on homicide" Mentions people killed in homicide is 5 times higher than armed conflict. Although homicide cases increased from 4lac in 1992 to 4.6 lac in 2017 but decreases to 6.1 from 7.2 when compared to population. Globally highest rate happens in America 37% followed by Africa 35% ( Nigeria -boko Haram accounted for around half of the homicide cases in the region). Asia having less than quarter 23% is lowest. (Safest place is Asia,Europe n Oceania) & highest crime in Al Salvador, Jamaica, bahamas, Columbia n Panama. World wide highest homicide is against men in organised crime group 15-29 age group then 30 -40yrs.  Crime linked to partner Account for quarter of cases, (India seeing rise in this record ). North India seeing increase in homicide n south cases are decreasing. Overall decrease of 10% in homicide Environment (particularly conflict over resources and changes associated with increasing temperatures) has played an important role in increased homicides * Comprehensive nuclear test ban treaty org - 1992 , HQ - Vienna. CTBTO runs the International Monitoring System (IMS) of 300-odd stations, which can sense vibrations, hear sounds or smell noble gases (such as Xenon, Krypton) ‘radionuclides’ (such as Beryllium-7). And global nuclear explosion. * Reason for India's exit to RCEP - 1. Inadequate protection against Import surge 2. Trade deficit 3. Lack of market access 4. Base year issue (2013 instead of 2014) 5. Sector impacted 6. Rules of origin * Financial Action Task Force The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) is an inter-governmental body established in 1989 during the G7 Summit in Paris HQ of OECD paris have it's Secretariat. With 37 members n India is member. FATF Plenary is the decision making body of the FATF. It meets three times per year.   * West bank - Jordan won this part in 1948 in Arab-isrieli war but israel snatched it back in Jordan Israel war 1967. UNGA, UNSC & ICJ All declared settlement in this area by Israel violative of 4th Geneva Convention (it prohibits any settlement by any country in occupied area)   * 

* Women's are more prone to Osteoporosis (porous bones)³ when exposed to Triclosen (antibacterial chemical used in soaps ,body wash n toothpaste). Triclosen is used in toothpaste as it prevents gingivitis (gum swelling n reddiss gum etc) Triclosen contribute bacteria resistant to antibiotics and endocrine disruptor. Why women's are more prone to Triclosen ,osteoporousis - small n thin bone n estrogen,a harmone that protects bone in women decreases sharply when women reaches menopause * Progress of world women report by UN stated that more than half the married women btwn 25 to 54 dint participate in labour force. Has cited data from ILO. Finding of report - Global performance -central n South Asia only 29.1% than more high in other continents. Gender division - women expected to do domestic work n men bread winner thinking. Developing countries - despite increase in growth in India n china women participation is lower whereas in low income countries is higher than developing. Suggestion - public infrastructure, policy implementation which include money n time help to parents n even disable care family member, greater public investment. * Fortis hospital survey, around 82% of students studying psychology in classes XI and XII in at least 200 schools across major cities in India, have said that social media has influenced their opinions and attitudes. * Women farmers - % of women farmers in india is increasing (As per Economic survey, it is due to Male migration to urban area for earning). it was 13% in 2010-2011 to 14% in 2015-2016.Agriculture sector employs 80% of all economically active women; they comprise 33% of the agricultural labour force and 48% of self employed farmers and about 18% of agriculture family in india is headed by Women. Agriculture contribute 16% to GDP and becoming women activity. Challenges - Lack of Access to credit, land title, inability to use farm machinary and Double work. Govt Initiative - PM Mahila shashktikaran pariyojana (under Min of Rural dev is sub scheme under DAY-NRLM). It is to empower women and 60% (90% for NE region) fund support to women farmers. It is in line with national policy for farmers 2007. Atleast 30% of fund allocation to women in ongoing schemes and Programs. Encouraging SHG's. Way Ahead - Land Title, Incentives to manufaturer for manufacturing machine which is specifically for women.  Collateral free credit under 'microfinance initiative' of NABARD. Krishi Vigyan kendra in every district to help and Train women farmers on new technology etc. * 'Women Startup Summit 2019' is hosted by Kerla Startup mission(KSUM) in association with Confederation of Indian industry (Non for profit, industry led industry managed org in 1895 with 9k members). "She loves Tech" program will be showcased with 20 women startups is first time time happening in india. Kerla has 13% women participation in Tech startup ecosystem. * Mid Day meal scheme under Min of HRD. HRD min has received 35 complaints from 15 states and UT's. This centrally sponserd scheme was launched in 1995 and rules was updated in 2015 with National food security act to provide Hot cooked meal to 1 to 8th Std students. Latest guidelines include to procure AGMARK grains and if meal is not provided then state is liable to pay for  food security allowance on 15th of succeding month. Food should be tasted by 3 adult members including one teacher at the school. State steering cum monitoring committee (SSMC) shall see the implementation & also make sure establishment of machanism for maintenance of nutriiotnal std and quality of meals. * Multidimentional poverty index (10 indicator in health, education n STD if living) by UNDP+ OPHI ( org poverty n human dev initiative) mentions that 1 in every 3 child under age 10 n every 2nd child under 18 is multidimentional poor. Whereas 1 in every 6 adult is multidimentional poor.  1.3 billion people are still multidimentional poor n sub Saharan Africa having Max no if those poor. Some African countries are having 90% of children under multidimentional poverty. India has lifted 271 million people out of poverty btwn 2006 to 2016 n being one of fastest in developing sdg 1 along with combodia. Jharkhand being on top to remove poverty at high pace. * Gender equality in Navy Women participation in navy is just 6.7% as navy officer as there is no adequate facility for women on Ship boards, due to which direct posting is not happening. To tackle this this navy has issued tender for cadet training ships which has facility catered for women offices. * Global initiative for childhood cancer by World health organization in 2018. It aims to reach 60% survival rate By 2030. Globally 82% of cancer in children are from low income countries. Low n middle income countries have death rate of cancer children 4 tyms than high income countries. India has 80-90 Children having cancer among 1 lac whereas in West it is 160. In India, many hospitals like All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS, Delhi), Tata Memorial Hospital (Mumbai) and Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGI-Chandigarh) have cancer survival rates almost equivalent to Western countries * The Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act 2019 – declares Triple talaq as illegal and cognizable offence which can invoke 3 years jail with fine. This complaint can only be done by Women herself or relative by blood or virtue of her marriage. Women will be given compensation & kids Custody as termed by magistrate. Offence can be compounded after hearing women on whom the talaq has been invoked. * Breastfeeding - Aug 1st to 7th celebrated as world's breastfeeding week in order to spread awareness among people. Benifits of breastfeeding - it reduces the risk of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, diabetes type 2 And heart attack among women. It helps infants from developing obesity related problem, diabetes type 2 ,infection like diorrhea and IQ related problem. Govt initiative - MAA (mother's absolute affection) to spread awareness abt breastfeeding among women under min of health n family welfare. Vatsalya - Matrix Amrit kosh by lady Harding's college Delhi along with norwaign Oslo University to provide National human milk bank n counselling to lactating women. 4th women Transforming India awards Is being held by niti aayog along with UN-Women to identify individual company's effort in transforming indian entrepreneurship programs. * Min of information and broadcasting has mandated The captioning of TV program in order to make it accessible to hearing challenged or auriblity disabled person. It will also boost the reading skills also. As per the EY media n entertainment report India has billions of TV viewers n on an avg every indian spend 3.46 hours daily. Action plan - from Aug 15, atleast one program a week should be subtitled with Same language subtitling (SLS). By 2020 atleast 10% of programs should be subtitled with 10% increase annually and by 2025 50%. US became the 1st country which implemented the captioning for aurally challenged people. Person with disability act 2016 (art 41 of DPSP) with 21 parameters fro. 7 earlier by min of social justice n empowerment. * Govt if India has launched UMMID (Unique Methods of Management and Treatment of Inherited Disorders) initiative to tackle inherited genetic diseases of newborn babies. It will be implemented through govt hospitals. In India's Urban area congetic malfunction n genetic disorder us 3rd largest cause of mortality after premature,infection n low weight of child.consanguineous marriage favoured in many communities also cause genetic disorder. * NCST (constituted in 2003 by amending art 338 n inserting 338A with 5 mem, atleast 1 women n 2 member from ST population n retiring every 3 yrs can not be appointed more than 2 terms) has requested govt to declare ladhakh under 6th schedule. They already had agriculture rights over land though. more than 90% of Ladakh’s population is tribal. The primary Scheduled Tribes (STs) in Ladakh are Balti Beda, Bot (or Boto), Brokpa (or Drokpa, Dard, Shin), Changpa, Garra, Mon and Purigpa.   * A part of Global Burden of decease study 2017, ICMR has Given comprehensive decease burden due to child n maternal mulnutrition. (Global burden of decease study initiative was started in 1990 by 100 of researchers worldwide including WHO and World bank) -  Child n maternal mulnutrition is leading cause of Death rate, Disability adjusted life years, anaemia (54%) in women, Low birthweight , overweight. Suggestion- Improving the overall nutrition in women n girl During preconceptions n pregnancy. Anemia - wen RBC number or can not carry oxygen capacity which is required for physical growth which may vary depending on sex, age etc. Mostly happens when iron deficiency is found. Govt initiative - Mid day meal, POSHAN Abhiyan 2017-18, NFSA 2013. * Pradhan mantri matru Vandana yojna - is maternity benifits program launched in all district of country n is 100 centrally sponsored scheme.  Benificiary - All Pregnant Women and Lactating Mothers (PW&LM), excluding those who are in regular employment with the Central Government or the State Governments or PSUs or those who are in receipt of similar benefits under any law for the time being in force. The eligible beneficiaries also receive cash incentive under Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY). Thus, on an average, a woman gets Rs. 6,000. -benificiary gets 5k in 3 installment On following condition - registration of pregnancy - anti natal checkup - Registration of birth of living first child of the family n First cycle of vaccination Why - every 3rd women is under-nourished n every 2nd women is anaemic. https://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1568965273_image3.jpg   * As per recent report from "Sample registration system" (SRS) India's mortality rate has declined from 130 per 1lac 2014 - 2016  to 122 per lacs in 2015 - 2017 decline of 8 points which is 6.7%. States are categorized in empowered action group, southern states n other states. - Kerla got the 1st spot (46 to 42) followed by MH and TN. - UP & MP recorded in increase in 15 points. - 11 states have already their national health policy target well ahead of 2020 (1/10000). Some of these initiatives are which played in reducing the mortality- LaQshya ( min of health n family welfare), Poshan Abhiyan (Mar 8,2018 by MoWCD to bring down Stunting among children from 38.4% to 25% by 2022 and Stunting, undernutrition, anemia and low birth by 2%, 2%, 3%, 2% respectively per annum, Janani Suraksha Yojana ( in 2005 central scheme 100% under national health mission for Reproductive-Maternal- Neonatal-Child and Adolescent Health (RMNCH+A), institution delivery, and Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases by giving cash assistance before n after delivery irrespective of women's age n no of children , Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan ( anemia check), Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (from jan 2017,cash assistance of 5k in 3 installment for 1st child in family for increased nutritional needs n wage loss on 3 condition viz. Early registration of pregnancy, anti natal checkup n registration of birth of child n initial vaccination. Available to all except female working with state or central govt or alike company) Surakshit matritva ashwashan initiative (SUMAN - zero preventable maternal n newborn death) Aspirational district program It is in line with SDG 3 which target for MMR rate to come down below 70 by 2030.   * World's childrens day - 20th November because in this day UNGA has adopted the Rights of child in 1959. UN later adopted this as convention 1989. To comkomorate the 30th anniversary of the same UNICEF has launched Go blue campaign where world's all imp building were lit blue including Indian parliament. India's effort - - Signatory to Rights of child since 1992. - POSHAN Abhiyan - Beti bachao beti padhai - Mid day meal - right to education act in 2009 - girl child marriage reduced from 47% in 2005-2006 to 27% in 2015-16 with child marriage act 2006. - Access to drinking water from 62% in 1992 to 92 in 2019.   * Chattisgarh govt has Approved quota for disabled in Panchayati by amending the Panchayati Raj act 1993. It is only state provide such quota in country. It also removed min education qualification for contestants which is against SC order in Rajbala vs State of Haryana 2015. Accordance with art 41 of DPSP. * SC and ST act 1989 - crime committed against SC in every 6 min. 6 womens gets raped on an avg every day. Btwn 2007 To 2017 66% growth is observed in crime rate against SC. Subhash kashinath Mahajan vs state of Maharashtra 2018 judgement Supreme Court ruled - - anticipatory bail for accused person - preliminary enquiry to check whether it is malafide report. This judgement is reviewed (review bench is always same bench) and overruled by SC in 2019.   * Pradhan mantri matru Vandana yojna- As per recent data given by Information commission best on RTI, said only 31% targets is achieved. This is Wage compensation scheme of govt during pregnancy. Give 6000 rs for 1st child only in 3 installment on condition such as early registration of pregnancy, atl3ast 1 natal checkup and registration of child birth. Scheme takes only 23% of birth under it's ambit n only 14% of all gets full amount. Reasons- 23 pages form, mother child card, mother adhar card, Bank passbook, husband's adhar card etc.   *   

* National Law University, Delhi (NLUD) in a report titled ‘Quality of Legal Representation: An Empirical Analysis of Free Legal Aid Services in India’revealed that people have no trust on free legal Services of Legal Aid Counsel (LAC) and wil go for private lawyer if have money. Legal service authority act 1987 paved the way for NALSA (art 39A, 14 & 22) and give free legal aid to SC,ST,women,children,Victim of human trafficking,differently abled person n industrial worker. Acrdng to commenwealth human right initiative India have one lawyer for every 736 people which is greater than many countries but 1 legal aid lawyer per 18609 people. Facts  75% take support of free legal coz they don't hv money to pay fees, 22.6% will not go fir free legal aid at all. 60% women who r aware abt free legal aid will prefer private lawyer as they wl hv better control n faith. 33% legal aid lawyer demanded for Money n 56% lawyer spends 1-10 hours per week on LAC.  Way ahead - Full time empanelment, honouranium (money help to lawyer ) n Remuneration * Whip – Starte from colonial era to manage the floor of house. It is guideline for members of any political party to be present or vote as per given instruct written in whip. Mostly seniormost member of the party becomes chief which with additional whips to help him. Anybody who dowsnot follow whip can face Anti defection law under 10th Schedule. Type of Whip – 1 line whip – Member can abstain from being present. 2 Line whip – Members have to be present but no instruction is given whether they have to follow party line. 3 Line whip – Members have to b present and vote in accordance with the instruction given by whip. * Electronically transferred postal ballet system – records highest vote turnouts in 2019 election. Service voters (central govt personel posted at any location can cast their vote from anywhere apart from their own constituency) Developed by Election commisision of India with the help from Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC). Eligibility – Service voters (apart from those who opt for Proxy voting), wife of Service voters who resides with him and Overseas voter. Features – Flexibility, database, Security (2 layer security with OTP and then PIN), Less time consuming and No duplication. * NHRC - New amendment include that even supreme Court judge or high Court judge is eligible for the post of chairperson of National human right commission (act 1993) n state human right commission respectively. Earlier it was only chief justice of India n high court fir national n state respectively. Tenure is also proposed to b reduced from 5 yrs to 3 yrs n are eligible for reappointment New additional members proposed are national commission for child right,backward class n disabled people.   * Public safety act j&k - preventive detention law - upto 2 years under j&k public safety act 1978. Detention can b passed by district magistrate or divisional commissioner. It can be challenged by relatives of detenee through heabus corpus. Can be imposed any no of tyms even after HC or SC passed order in favour of detenee n no legal proceedings against official who passed the order. Similarlity with NSA Act - NSA empowers central govt or state govt to detain a person upto 12 months but can b extended if govt find fresh evidence. Art 21(1) - person arrested can not be denied the right to consult n to b defended by n legal practitioner. Art 22(2) - person arrested shall b produced b4 magistrate withing 24 hours excluding travel time to reach court. Art 22(3) (b) - allows preventive detention n restrictions on personal liberty for the reason of state security n public order. Art 22(4) - no law to provide preventive detention longer than period of 3 months unless - - advisory board reports sufficient cause for extended detention. - accordance with the provision of any law passed by parliament * Judiciary under art 142 has said voice sample can be taken in criminal cases same as fingerprints, handwriting etc even against person's will. It can be termed at against art 21 as individual's right to life is not greater than public good. Even law commission 87th report mentions that individual voice is different n can be taken same as other fingerprints etc. Under art 142, judiciary is empowered to pass such order to give complete justice. For eg. Cleansing of Taj Mahal, Union carbide case (Bhopal gas tragedy). SC in bar association vs union of india said art 142 can not be used as supplant of Existing law but only supplement the law. Recent Judicial overreach  - Ban of alcohol on national n state highways While central govt has banned liquor on national highway only. - SC ST atrocity act modification in 2018 led to parliament amending the Atrocity act 1989. Way forward- art 142 must be held by 5 judge bench n separation of power must be respected. White paper should be brought out to check the judgement within 6 months. * Vidhi Centre for Legal Policy’ has released a report titled, ‘Sunshine in the Courts: Ranking the High Courts on their compliance with the RTI Act'. They have developed convenience index on which Evaluates the Extent to which RTI Rules are framed by high court for convenience of filing RTI by citizen. High Courts at Patna, Delhi and Kerala performed the best on the index. The High Courts at Gujarat, Madras, Meghalaya and Chhattisgarh performed the worst Gujrat court don't define mode of payment for filing the RTI unclear. Many court charge 5 times more than the fees defined by court which hinders RTI filing also many courts online allow postal or on location court payment which should be worked on. * First ever justice delivery "India Justice Report (2019)" prepared by the Tata Trusts in collaboration with the Centre for Social Justice, Common Cause, and the Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative has been released. MH topped followed by kerla n tamilnadu the list large n medium state category worst are jharkhand, UP n Bihar. - 4 Parameters states got rated on are Policing, judiciary, Prison and legal aid. - Women are poorly represented across the Justice system. They account for 7% of the Police, 10 % of Prison staff and about 26.5 % of all judges in the High Court and subordinate courts Issues - budget allocation is low, per capita expenditure on legal aid is 75 paise.  - nationally average pendency of cases are for 5 yrs. - prisons r over occupied with 114% out of which 68% is under trial.   * Places of worship act 1991 - section 3 of act prohibits conversion of religious places of worship n even section of it as it existed at the tym of independence. * Whistleblower protection - law commission of India in 2001 Recommended to inacted a law to protect the whistleblower. 2nd ARC in 2007 aslo suggested the same. The UN Convention against Corruption to which India is a signatory (although not ratified) since 2005, also suggest the law on same. To abide by such suggestion Whistleblower protection bill was introduced in 2011 n became Act in 2014. Whistleblower protection bill, 2014 - authorize any person to complaint against any public authority or org involved in curruption. Act also defines competent authority to get complaint such as corruption against minister can b disclosed to PM. But the act doesn't allow for anonymous complaint n if identity isn't disclosed it will not take action against such complaint. Competent authority will prepare a report n submit it to central or state govt n further will b laid b4 the each house of the parliament Or state legislature. This bill has replaces official secret act, 1923. * Art 72 of Indian constitution confers Prez of India authority of pardoning any sentence. * Contempt of court - the expression "Contempt of court" is not mentioned in constitution. Contempt of court act 1971 defines contempt of court as disrespect to court.  2 types 1. Civil contemp 2. Criminal contempt Art 129 - court can punish itself. Art 142 (2) - can investigate n punish any1 for it's contempt Art 215 - HC can punish as contempt of court for itself or subordinate court as mentioned in 1971 act. In 1991, SC ruled that it not only can punish someone for it's contempt but also for HC and subordinate court and tribunals in entire country. However it is mentioned in 1971 act for HC as special power   * Haryana govt amended Section 31 of the panchayati Raj act 1994 which empowers the panchayati to ban the liquor from Next financial year. To pass the law qourum should be 1/10th. It is also in line with art 47 of DPSP. * 

* STRIDE - scheme for trans discipline research For indias developing economy by UGC in college n University. State of the Education Report for India 2019: Children with Disabilities - UNESCO + Tata Institute of Social Sciences. There are 78 million children (5-19 yr old) with disability in india, out of which Only 61% of them were attending an educational institution. About 12% had dropped out, while 27% had never been to school at all. Globally 15% children are disabled, 49% do not attain literacy. * University Grants Commission (UGC) scheme ‘Paramarsh’ to help Higher education Institutes to get NAAC accreditation. * Min of HRD has launched national education alliance technology (NEAT) in alliance with Edtech Companies in PPP model to further strengthening the Massive open online courses (MOOC) by using artificial intelligence and technology to help economically backward students.  Edtech will be responsible for students enrollment etc n AICTE will b implementing agency of NEAT program. * Margadarshak and Margadarshan (50 lakhs over 3 years period) initiative of AICTE.   * FIRST School Education Quality Index: NITI Aayog for all states n UT with collaboration with MoHRD and world bank n other experts based on 30 key indicators. Among large state Kerla ranked first while UP ranked last. Among small states Manipur ranked first n Chandigarh among UT. Base year taken is 2016-17 for assessment * All India survey on higher education (AISHE) report -  Key finding- UP & KA has shown more girls enrollment than Boys. - No of female student per 100 male students has gone up from 90 to 95 from 2017-18 to 2018-19. - 944 out of 994 Universities have uploaded the data on AISHE portal. - highest number of students have enrolled for undergraduate course (79%) than postgraduate course (10%) - Only 2.5% colleges offer PHD. courses and 11.04% colleges are exclusively for women. Govt initiative-  - National Mission on Education through Information and Communication Technology (NMEICT), Rashtriya Ucchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA) Prime Minister's Research Fellowship (PMRF) Education Quality Upgradation and Inclusion Programme (EQUIP) Scheme for Promotion of Academic and Research Collaboration (SPARC), Higher Education Financing Agency (HEFA) Global Initiative for Academic Network (GIAN) launched by MHRD.   * Min of road n transport released it's annual Road accident report. - 53 crashes and 17 deaths every hours. In 2018 1.5 lacs death due to road accident n around 48% were under age group of 18 to 35.  severity (number of death per 100 accident) has increased by 0.6% in 2018 from 2017. - 64.4% is due to over speeding on straight road followed by no helmet 28.8%. - 2 wheeler accounts 35%. - young adults (18-45) 69.6%. males 86%, female 14%. - Tamilnadu highest accident, UP highest number of death, Delhi topped in all cities. - however road accident n releted accident have decreased from earlier decades. Global analysis - According to World road federation's world road statistic 2018 report India records highest number of deaths in the world followed by US n China. as per WHO's Global report on road safety 2018, India accounts 11% of road death in the world. Global effort 1. Brasilia declaration on road safety 2015 - try to achieve SDG 3.6 i.e half the road accident by 2030. India is signatory 2. UN declared 2010 to 2020 as decade of action on Road safety. 3. UN global road safety week - biannually. 6th Held in June 2019. India's effort 1. Brasilia declaration signatory 2. Motor vehicle amendment act 2019. Hiked the traffic rules fee when violated. Motor vehicle amendmend fund for insurance of some types of accident. National road safety board n Protection of good Samaritan. 3. SC setup 3 jusdge bench committee under Justice KS radhakrishnan in 2014.   * Pattiseema lift irrigation project is first river linking project which Link godavari n Krishna river Through Polavaram right canal. * Ekal vidyalaya - to give education to rural n tribal students in India and Nepal. Only one teacher in school work on Panchtantra model which includes- 1. Promoting POSHAN Abhiyan through POSHAN kutiyas 2. Social awareness 3. Training for employment 4. Knowledge of bio fertilizer 5. Skills of medicinal value of herbs   * UN's Human development index - India is ranked 129 in 189 countries against 130th position in 2018. It is part of UNDP's Human development report which also include - - inequality Adjusted human development report. - Gender development index - Gender inequality index - Multi dimensional poverty Index It considers 3 parameters while preparing human development report - Access to education - standard of living - long n healthy life   *

* One nation one card scheme- ration card should be linked to ration card to avail the facility.ut gives opportunity to migrant people specially to get the food grains at center price ( 2 rs n 3 rs for wheat n rice respectively) anywhere in the country. It is a big step to acheives the SDG2 - 2030 in a way. * India and Tea Production (tropical n subtropical plant, hot n humid n shade lover) The largest consumer of tea in the world The second largest producer of tea in the world The fourth largest exporter of tea in the world Tea board (31 mem) is statutory body under min of commerce * "Reducing Food Loss and Waste” by the World Resources Institute (WRI, 1962, US), uneaten food is impacting the economy and the environment negatively Roots and tubers are the food group that face the maximum wastage, at over 62% in the year 2007. Fruits and vegetables follow, with over 41% in the year 2007.   * Beta carotine Presence in genetically modified rice called yellow rice is approved in Bangaldesh (1st country) developed by Philippines based International rice research institute (established in 1960 HQ in phillipines). Generally rice has less less presence of Beta carotine. Less Beta carotine cause blindness n Measels among children.   *   

* Seva Bhoj Yojna – Scheme seeks to reimburse the CGST and ICGST on Food/Prasad/Lunger/Bhandara etc by charitable religious institution without any discrimination to devotee/public. Eligibility – Institution should have been in existence from last 3 years and provide food to atleast 5k people/month and should be registered under section 10 of income tax act or registered as society under society registration act and Public trust registered under Section 12AA of Income tax act * One stop center by min of women n child dev To address the violence against women across country under 1 roof, recommended 12th Plan Working Group by Women's Agency and Empowerment and Usha Mehta committee. Is subscheme of umbrella scheme for National Mission for Empowerment of Women including Indira Gandhi Mattritav Sahyaog Yojana. It will be funded from NIRBHAYA FUND( Established in 2013 -non lapsable fund under Dept of eco affairs ,min of finance)   * According to ILO there are 1.17cr bonded labour. Reason -  - lack of awareness - low conviction rate - social bias towards Bonded labour - poor implementation of Bonded Labour system act 1976. - migratory nature of Labour   * Odisha won world habitat award 2019 for it's JAGA mission by world habitat (non profit org in UK) in association with UN habitat (established in 1978 after first UN habitat conference in Canada in 1976). JAGA mission is house development mission of Odisha govt started in 2018, for slum people by providing infrastructure n other facility same as of other area.    

* UAPA - 1967 = new amended bill proposes NIA to take charge of the matter under UAPA and can siege. Another imp propsed change is now it can ban single person. Pros - NIA do not have to take permission of all DIG if case involves multiple states, by banning single person it can bring down terrorism n nuxulism Cons - Activity not described, misuse, detention on the basis of police charge sheet, membership  

Global fund for AIDS, TB and maleria (GFTAM, created in 2002) - India contributed $22mn. 1. TB by micobacterium & around 1/3rd people in the world have latent TB which does not spread. Govt initiative-Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) launched by the Government of India in 1985 includes vaccination for 12 diseases including TB 2. HIV AIDS - By retrovirus n treated by anti retrovirus therapy (ART) which attached white blood cells called T-Cell which move n check for anomolies n Infection in the cells. Govt initiative- mission SAMPARK-2017 & Mission SUNRISE (NE) -2016 3. Maleria - by plasmodium parasite when bitten by female anopheles called maleria vector.    

* India-Russia Relations India-Russia cooperation is based on the solid foundations of the 1971 Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation between the Republic of India and the USSR, 1993 Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation between the Republic of India and the Russian Federation, 2000 Declaration on Strategic Partnership between the Republic of India and the Russian Federation and 2010 Joint Statement elevating the Partnership to a Special and Privileged Strategic Partnership. Recent being "India-Russia strategic economic dialogue" btwn NITI Aayog+Min of Eco dev of russia in 2018 and 1st dialogue held in 2018 in St. peterberg. 20th India Russia annual summit n 5th Eastern economic forum (EEF) held in Vladivostok, Russia. - India to extend $1 bn line of credit towards development of this region n indian interest in hydrocarbon exploration. - Proposal for full time maritime route btwn Chennai & Vladivostok which is Russia's largest port on Pacific coast. -India is building nuclear power plant with Russian collaboration in kundakulam, Chennai. - Russia to help India to train indian astronauts for gaganyan project. - Decided to increase bilateral trade from $11 bn to $30 bn by 2025. * IR = India-UK Trade UK is the third largest FDI investor in India and is among India’s main trading partners. Trade totaled Euro 13.6 billion in 2018. Moreover, trade between India and UK increased at an average rate of 8.8% per year between 2002 and 2018. Recent UK - india Joint economic trade commitee is expected 2 have positive outcome. * INDIA  - BHUTAN - BANGLADESH = India to transport Rock from bhutan to bangladesh throgh Inland waterways authoriy of india through brahmaputra river channel. his wil save bhutan's 8-10 days time when traveled through Land route. * INDIA - MYANMAR - India handed over 250 pre fabricated houses for rakhinee state displaced rohingyas aftter returning from Bangladesh under rakhinee state development program for rohingyas in 2017. Program will assist state in health infrastructure, education etc. * India - Germany  Strategic partners since 2001. Germany is India's largest trading partner in Europe and both are members of G-4 along with Japan and Brazil to support each other's bids for UNSC permanent seat.  

* SC has asked parliament to frame a law on Fake news spread on Social media. India already have many regualtion such as Section 66 of IT act 2000, civil n Criminal case in defamation and IPC. * Hate Crime - SC - tahseen poonawala v/s union of India - SC has 11 points Prescription for preventive remidial N punitive measure N asked parliament to legislate a law on it. * Maru Ram vs union of India 1980, prez can't decide on pardoning of any sentence on his own n have to take central govt suggestion which is binding on prez. * Epuru sudhakar vs Ors 2006 - any malafide decision taken by prez n governor can b Challenged in court. * Section 124A of IPC in 1870, by the British. It was used against freedom fighter n first one was Bal gangadhar tilak who convicted under this law in 1897. In 1962, SC in kedar nath Singh vs state of Bihar held the constitutionality of 124a act bt limited it's scope of differentiating the very strong speech or vigorous speech in order to cause disturbance in the date. 1995, the Supreme Court, in Balwant Singh v State of Punjab, held that mere sloganeering which evoked no public response did not amount to sedition. * Shirur mutt case 1954 - Doctrine of essentiality by 7 judge bench *