Adjectival and nominal sentences I

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• Adjectival & nominal sentences 

• Adjectival sentences (non verbal) -Ascribes a quality to something

• Nominal sentences (two types) -Expresses a relationship between two nouns (X is a/an Y) 

• Three-part (Tripartite)

• Two-part (Bipartite)   

• -pw functions as a link between two nouns (or noun-equivalents)

• subject usually a pronoun

• 1st person: subject takes the form of an INDEPENDENT PRONOUN standing in the beginning of a sentence

• If the sentence identifies something as something the order of constituents is SUBJECT - PREDICATE

• If the sentence qualifies something as something the order of constituents is PREDICATE - SUBJECT

• -pw follows the the predicate and must come second

• The predicate of a nominal sentence is a noun

• 3rd person: "-pw" serves as a general expression for masc. and fem. sg. and pl. subjects

• 2nd person: subject takes the form of an INDEPENDENT PRONOUN standing in the beginning of a sentence

• Nominal sentences are strictly NON-VERBAL constructions

• Negation of  nominal sentences 

• n... is

• is 2nd position clitic (must come 2nd) follows the first full word of the sentence

• n Hs -is rn=k rA rn=k = "shit is not your name; Ra is your name"

• irw=k -pw n irw=i -is -pw = "it is your form. My form it is not"

• The basic construction of an adjectival sentence is adjective predicate followed by the subject

• if the subject of adjectival sentence is a personal pronoun, the dependent pronouns are used

• Ha -sw im=i = "he is joyous in me"

• The word order reflects the function of the adjective. In an adjectival sentence the adjective is the predicate: it tells what the subject 'is'. It therefore precedes the subject and does not agree with it

• A common feature of the adjectival sentence is the second position element -wy often spelled just w(y), which gives the sentence an exclamative force 'OH how good (etc.) is...'

• nfr -w(y) -Tw aHa.t(i) m-min Hr dwA.t = "how happy you are when you stand today, O Horus of the Netherworld"

• The adjectival sentence may be preceded by an initial particle

• Never used as adjuncts on their own

• Adjectival sentences profiles the qualilty expressed as  timeless' and 'eternal', withouth any suggestion that it might be somehow transatory or that it might change

• Not negated. instead the adjective would be 'verbalized' and the familiar negations n-sDm=f for past, n sDm-n=f for present and nn sDm=f would be used 

• mk nfr sDm n rmT = "Look, listening is good for people"