MUSIC

MUSIC

Theories and Concepts
1. reinterpretation
2. Assimilation
3. Camoflage
4. Transculturation
5. Zone of cultural interaction
Not a universal language
1. Alan Merriam's model
  1. All music has musical elements, but the configuration depends on country and culture. Product of human behavior, which varies from culture to culture. Best understood in the context it was created
Classification
1. China: materials Victor Mahillion: materials Curt Sachs& Eric van Hornbostel: sound production
2. Curt Sachs & Eric van Hornbostel : Sound production
  1. Organology
    1. membranophone
    2. Aerophone
    3. Idiophone
    4. Chordophone
      1. Fiddle: bowed
      2. Harp: plucked toward person
      3. Lute: held in front
      4. Lyre: plucked side to side
      5. Zither: plucked horizontal
Sonic Level
1. Pitch (Rate of vibrations per sec)
2. Note (visual rep of pitch)
3. Interval (Distance b/w notes/pitches)
4. Melody (organization of pitches)
5. Harmony (2 or more pitches @ the same time) aka texture
  1. Organum: earliest form, parallel
  2. Homophony: same sound moving together
  3. Polyphony: moving independently
  4. Heterophony: two or more melodies at once
Temporal Level
1. beat (smallest=pulse. crossing soundwaves)
2. meter (reg division of time
3. tempo (speed)
4. Rythmis pattern/ standard pattern/ timeline pattern
MIDDLE EAST/ARABIC
1. islam 621AD, istanbul= gateway for culture spread
2. MELODIC IMPROVISATION & ORNAMENTATION
  1. produces a "linear" harmonic texture
3. Classical
  1. Chordophone
    1. NASAL quality
  2. melodic (improv and be creative as possible) rhythmic (creative w/n diff beats) ABA Structure
    1. composed on the spot, not written down
  3. Maquam
4. Folk
  1. Aerophones
  2. learned, not improvised. For/By common folk for dancing
5. call to prayer
  1. minerits
6. Instruments
  1. Ud: Lute (bent neck) 11 strings eagle feather, no fret
  2. Saz: Lute (frets) 7 strings, plucked with pick
  3. Santur: Zither, half hexagon, 4per pitch, mallets
  4. Qanun: zither, metal picks on fingers, trapezoid
  5. Cymbalum: Zither, like piano, mallet
  6. Rebab: fiddle, 2 strings, bow, no fret
  7. Zuma: aerophone, double reed, classical and musical,
  8. Darabuka: membranophone, single head,body is decorated, single wood/clay
AFRICA
1. geography
  1. Pan-arabic Empire
  2. Sudanic Belt
  3. Bantu World
  4. Sahel
    1. border, ex-french colonies, climate >14in of rain
  5. name changes
    1. burkina faso = upper volta
    2. ethipia = abissini, punt
    3. Cen afr = bangui shari
    4. malawi = nyassaland
    5. zimbabwe = rhodesia
    6. rep of nambia = south west africa
    7. free state of congo = belgium congo = dem rep of congo = zaire = dem rep of congo
2. People
  1. Nilotics
  2. Pigmies
    1. twa
  3. Bushmen and huttentots
3. Languages
  1. tonal
  2. Syntax
  3. Symantics
  4. Anglophone (eng) Frencophone (Fre) Lusophone (Por)
4. belonging
5. INSTRUMENTS
  1. bow
  2. materials available and lifestyle
  3. Mbira (Sanza) thumb on metal bars
  4. xylophone
  5. idiophone
  6. slit drum, log drum, speech mode
  7. agoga, double bell
  8. chordophone
    1. ngoni: lute, West Africa, 5-6 strings
    2. kora: harp, 21 strings, plucked,epics, JALI families
    3. Inanga: zither, trough wit one string wrapped around to form 7-9 strings, epics, message
    4. Krar: lyre, 5-7 strings hide rings for tuning, east africa
  9. Aerophone
    1. ephant tusk, ashante of ghana
  10. membranophone
    1. dundun: both hands, bent drum stick, speech mode, NIGERIA, 2 headed
    2. Atumpan: ashante of ghana, speech mode, ensemble
6. MUSIC
  1. call & response
  2. parallel harmonic texture (organum)
  3. entertainment, record history, in place for spoken language
  4. interlocking (hindehou)
AMERICA
1. portuguese and holland majority of slavery to america
2. culture spread
  1. religion
    1. sudanese: anyone welcome, brought in songs, renewal movement
    2. bantu: deities
  2. secular
    1. capoeira:self defense with music

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	Erstellt von Haruna Heima vor etwa 7 Jahre