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Arguments for the existence of God
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A level philosophy and ethics Mindmap am Arguments for the existence of God, erstellt von Lucy Amos am 10/01/2018.
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philosophy and ethics
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Lucy Amos
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Arguments for the existence of God
The Design Argument
William Paley
Posteriori
Watch Analogy
Something organic to something machine like
Qua Purpose and Qua Regularity
Regularity in the seasons and in the world
Purpose - built for a purpose
Eye
The world shows evidence that it has been designed
"And one of his signs is the creation of heaven and Earth
Pre-empts criticism
Blind
Even if we cant see it being designed we know it has been designed because the evidence is there.
Breaks
Why would he have designed it if it has problems
Understanding
We cant understand it but we still know it has been designed .
Gave Christians evidence on which to base their faith
Criticisms
David Hume
Cant compare something organic to something machine like
Even if it was designed how do we know it was by one God could be lots of lesser beings
How do we know God is still here
Epicurean Hypothesis
Given an infinite amount of time with an infinite amount of atoms, eventually you could create the universe
Science is telling us more about the world than religion
Anthropomorphism- we give God human characteristics
Kant
Human perception
"Our minds impose order"
We see design and a designer because we want to see a design and designer
Support
Aquinas
"The arrow is directed by the archer."
F.R. Tennant
Aesthetic argument
Have the ability to appreciate art, music and nature
Anthropic argument
Probability is higher to being designed than by chance alone
Analyse the world around us
Intelligent
Strengths and Weaknesses
Strengths
Kant- Appeals to our common sense
Everyone can understand the argument
Because we are arguing from an analogy
Leads to a highly probable conclusion
Inductive
Weaknesses
Kant - Failed to prove Gods existence - goes too far
Unable to grasp God
Theory of evolution offers a better explanation
Hume- we cannot experience God
Comparing something man made to something organic
Cosmolgical Argument
Aquinas
3 Ways
Way 1
Everything is in motion so needs an unmoved mover
Way 2
Everything has a cause so you need an un-caused causer
Way 3
Everything is contingent so there must be an necessary being that is also Ex Nihilo
Against
Russel
Way 3 commits fallacy of composition
Inferring is something is true for the small part of the thing then it must be true for the whole thing
It is a brute fact
Cant keep going back in time to try and find an explanation
" I should say that the universe is just there and that is all"
Hume
There is no necessary being
Any being that can exist can also not exist
No way of knowing what qualities a necessary being would have
No reason to say that only God has them
Why does it have to be an un-observable God
Beyond our comprehension
"Just because i have a Mother"
Support
Leibinz
Principle of sufficient reason
Everything must have a reason or a cause
God must exist as a necessary being
Copleston
Things in the world are contingent
Must be a cause of everything
That exists outside the universe
Must be a necessary being
Contains the reason for itself inside itself
Reformulated Aquinas' argument
"If one refuses to even sit down at the chess board and make a move one cannot of course be checkmated."
Ontological Argument
Anselm
Gods existence can be deduced from his definition
"God exists"
Priori/deductive
True by definition
Necessary existence is true by definition
Gods existence is necessary
Not written to prove anything to anyone
Written in Prayers
Proslogian and monologian
Painter and painting
It is greater to exist both in the mind and in reality than in the mind alone
If God exists in the mind alone you could think of something greater
Response to Guanillio
An island is contingent so using the example of the island does not relate to God as he is necessary .
If he is the greates concievable being and he cannot be concieved not to exist then he must exist
"That than nothing greater can be concieved"
Guanillio
Uses an island to argue against "that than nothing greater can be conceived
We know that our perfect island does not exist in reality
Uses the method of Reductio Ad Absurdum
Kant
Directed at Descartes
Existence is not a predicate
Adds nothing to the concept
uses coins
We have no experience of God so leaves room for "if" he exists
Descartes
Existence is a predicate the same way that a triangle has three sides
Strengths and Weaknesses
Strengths
Deductive argument so it logically leads us to the conclusion that God exists
It leads us to believe in a perfect God
However it doesn't explain evil and suffering
Weaknesses
God is beyond our understanding
We all have different concepts of God
It uses existence as a predicate
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