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DNA Replication & Protein Synthesis
- DNA Replication
- 1. The hydrogen bonds between the two polynucleotide DNA strands are broken by the enzyme DNA helicase
- 2. The original single strand acts a template for a new strand.
- Free-floating DNA nucleotides are joined together by the enzyme DNA
polymerase; hydrogen bonds form between the exposed bases following the
base pairing rule.
- Free-floating DNA nucleotides are joined together by the enzyme DNA
polymerase; hydrogen bonds form between the exposed bases following the
base pairing rule.
- Semi-conservative replication
- 1. The hydrogen bonds between the two polynucleotide DNA strands are broken by the enzyme DNA helicase
- DNA contains genes which are instructions for protein
- A gene is a sequence of DNA nucleotides that codes for a protein
- Protein are made from amino acids
- Different proteins have a different number and order of amino acids
- It's the order of nucleotide bases in a gene that determines the order of amino acids in a particular protein
- It's the order of nucleotide bases in a gene that determines the order of amino acids in a particular protein
- Each amino acid is coded for by a sequence of three bases in a gene
- Different sequences of bases code for different amino acids
- Different sequences of bases code for different amino acids
- Protein are made from amino acids
- A gene is a sequence of DNA nucleotides that codes for a protein
- Protein Synthesis
- DNA carries the instructions to make proteins
- Transcription
- 1.The hydrogens bonds between the two polynucleotide DNA strands are broken temporally by the enzyme DNA helicase
- 2. RNA polymerase reads the unzipped strand and produces mRNA
- 3. mRNA leaves the nucleus via the nuclear pores
- 1.The hydrogens bonds between the two polynucleotide DNA strands are broken temporally by the enzyme DNA helicase
- DNA molecules are too large to move out of the
nucleus
- Translation
- The process of converting
mRNA codon into a sequence of
amino acids
- 1. Initiation- A ribosome attaches to the mRNA
- usually AUG, sometimes GUG or UUG
- usually AUG, sometimes GUG or UUG
- 2. Elongation- tRNA brings the corresponding amino acid to each codon as the ribosome moves down the mRNA strand
- 3. Termination- Reading of the final mRNA codon (aka the STOP codon), which ends the synthesis of the
peptide chain and releases it.
- The process of converting
mRNA codon into a sequence of
amino acids
- DNA carries the instructions to make proteins
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