The Age of Democratic Revolution

The French Revolution Begins (stages 1+2)
1. 3 Social Classes
  1. Second Estate- Roman Catholic Church and rich nobles. No taxes
    1. RCC owned 10% of land and provided education
    2. Nobles owned 20% of the land.
    3. Did not like Enlightenment
      1. Similar to 1984 government
  2. Third Estate- bourgeoise(rich like nobles), tradespeople, and peasants
    1. 97% of the population
    2. Had to pay taxes
    3. Liked Enlightenment
      1. Inspired by American Revolution
      2. Questioned Government
      3. Demanded equality, liberty, and democracy
        Voltaire's life, liberty, and property
  3. First Estate- Royals
    1. like today's 1%
2. A force of change
  1. High resentment among Third Estate from 1st and 2nd
  2. New ideas about government, economic problems, and weak leadership
    1. Pre-Revolution
3. Economic Problems- Stage One
  1. heavy taxes
  2. failing crops due to bad weather
  3. King and Queen spent money like crazy
    1. King also inherited debt
      1. Bank refused to lend money
      2. Also debt to war against Britain
4. Weak Leadership- stage one
  1. Louis was indecisive and didn't act quickly enough
  2. Marie gave bad advice and tried to interfere
5. The Great Fear- Stage Two
  1. Rumor of possible terrorization among peasants
  2. Peasants went to nobles house and destroyed personal property
    1. ie. documents, tax reforms
  3. Demanded that National Assembly give bread
6. National Assembly
  1. Idea created by Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyes
  2. Established by Third Estate
    1. Tennis Court Oath
      1. Oath said that they would not disband until a new constitution was written
7. Storming of the Bastille
  1. Started by rumor of Louis trying to disband the NA
    1. Peasants got weapons and seized Bastille
    2. Killed guards and put their heads on spikes
Revolution Brings Reform and Terror (stage 3)
1. Assembly reformed France- Stage Three
  1. Started out of fear
  2. Took away feudal privileges
  3. Made all estates equal
2. Rights of Man
  1. Stated revolutionary ideas
  2. equal justice, freedom of speech and religion
    1. Did not give same rights to women
      1. Olympe de Gouges was executed for wanting women's rights
    2. "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity"
      1. similar to Life, Liberty, Property
  3. Similar to Declaration of Independence
3. State-Controlled Church
  1. Assembly wanted money from churches
    1. took their land
    2. had officials elected
    3. peasants opposed this
4. Louis tried to escape
  1. Louis thought that France was unsafe
  2. Did not like restriction of church and state
  3. fled to Austrian Netherlands
5. Limited Monarchy
  1. limited constitutional power
  2. able to create laws
    1. King could enforce laws
  3. made by NA
    1. Like Founding Fathers
  4. Legislative Body
6. Factions Split France
  1. 3 way split
    1. Radicals- opposed monarchy
      1. like Dems
      2. mainly in power (stage three)
    2. Moderates- wanted some change
      1. like Independents
    3. Conservatives-loved monarchy
      1. like Republicans
7. France at War
  1. Prussia threatened Paris (stage three)
    1. Citizens of Paris mobbed city
      1. Raided prisons and killed prisoners
  2. at this point, Louis and his family were imprisoned
    1. rumor of them getting out
  3. took away Constitution of 1791 (aka Rights of Man)
  4. adult males could vote
8. Jacobins take control
  1. radical (stage three)
  2. wanted king out of office
    1. commanded his death (stage three)
    2. tried for treason
  3. posted in "L'Aime du Peuple"
  4. Georges Danton was devoted to the poor
9. Terror gripped France
  1. Jacobins had enemies within France
    1. unable to control and contain
  2. peasants were horrified by king's death
  3. Priests didn't like the control
  4. Rival leaders started rebellions
10. Robespierre assumed control
  1. wanted to build a 'Republic of virtue'
    1. changed calendar to modern one
    2. became the leader of Committee of Public Safety
    3. governed France as a dictator
    4. executed 40,000
  2. protect from enemies
11. The End of The Terror-Stage 4
  1. Robespierre was sent to guillotine
  2. classes were tired
  3. National Convention created new gov. plan
    1. 2 houses of legislature and 1 executive body
    2. made Napoleon general
Napoleon Forges an Empire
1. Napoleon first got power at the start of the Revolution
  1. became a lieutenant and joined the gov. military
  2. Lead an army against Austria and Sardinia
    1. won more than he lost. Kept loses out of the papers
  3. disrupted trade w/ Britian
2. Royalist were rebelling against National Convention (stage one)
  1. Napoleon defended the NC
    1. used a cannon on Royalists
3. The Directory, legislative council, lost control of power (stage one)
  1. became 3 councils
    1. Resulted in Napoleon becoming dictator
      1. used divine right to rule tactits later
      2. became head of first council
      3. Restored order
        avoided Louis XVI days
        made Napoleon code for individual rights, Limited some freedoms
        stabilized economy
        set up tax collection and made a national bank
        Hamilton?
        ended corruption in gov.
        hired lycees
        restored power to church
4. Ended up becoming Emperor (stage two)
  1. Was more powerful than the church
  2. controlled Louisiana, Florida, French Guiana, and French West Indies
    1. Lost American territories due to ideas of the Revolutions, wanting equal rights and failed expeditions
      1. enslaved Africans wanted privileges, Toussaint L'Ouveturve lead a civil war, Napoleon started the sugar industry again (stage three)
      2. Sold American territory to Jefferson
  3. Annexed into Austrian Netherlands, Italy, and France
  4. Won war against Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Sweden (stage three)
    1. resulted in peace treaty with Russia, Prussia and Austria
  5. held government in Sweden
5. Battle of Trafalgar (stage three)
  1. took place on SW coast of Spain
  2. Horatio Nelso split the French fleet
  3. Napoleon lost
    1. gave up on conquering
6. French Empire (stage four)
  1. only Britain, Portugal, Sweden, and the Ottoman Empire were free
  2. Russia, Prussia, and Austria were somewhat connected to France
  3. 1807-1812
Napoleon's Empire Collapses
The Congress of Vienna
Latin American Peoples Win Independence

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The Age of Democratic Revolution

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