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Natural Selection
- Natural selection plays a key role in evolution as it allows those individuals with certain characteristics
to adapt to their environment. These characteristics allow the individuals to have greater survival and a
greater reproductive rate.
- Natural selection is a process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and
reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits.
- An example of Natural Selection:
- Example: The finches various beaks and behavior are adapted to the specific food available on the
island.
- Evolution: is the change in the genetic composition of a population from generation to
generation.
- A common picture depicting macro-evolution:
- A common picture depicting macro-evolution:
- A gene is a discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA.
- Gene Pool consists of all copies of every type of allele at every locus in all members of the
population.
- Gene Pool consists of all copies of every type of allele at every locus in all members of the
population.
- Hardy- Weinberg Principle describes the gene pool of a population not evolving.
- Equation: p^2+2pq+q^2= 1
- 5 conditions for Hardy- Weinberg Equilibrium: 1. No mutations 2. Random Mating 3. No natural selection 4. Extremely large populations 5. No gene flow
- 5 conditions for Hardy- Weinberg Equilibrium: 1. No mutations 2. Random Mating 3. No natural selection 4. Extremely large populations 5. No gene flow
- Equation: p^2+2pq+q^2= 1
- Relative Fitness: the contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation relative to the contributions of other individuals/
- Adaptions:are inherited characteristics of organisms that enhance their survival and reproduction in
specific environments.
- Example: Moths change from a white color to a black color through natural selection to adapt to
their new environment.
- A picture example:
- Example: Moths change from a white color to a black color through natural selection to adapt to
their new environment.
- Darwin: (1809-1882) made an hypothesis about evolution and his explanation of how adaptions arise centered on natural
selection.
- Mutation: a change in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's
DNA.
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