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Introduction-Water Shortage (2)

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Mindmap am Introduction-Water Shortage (2), erstellt von Ezra Eio am 06/09/2014.
Ezra Eio
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Ezra Eio
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Introduction-Water Shortage (2)
  1. over 1 billion ppl in world do not have clean water to drink
    1. Occurs when level of water usage exceeds water supply available
      1. Distribution of water on earth
        1. Of all water on the earth, 97.2% is ocean water (undrinkable)
          1. Only 2.8% is freshwater
            1. 68.6% of that is locked up in ice caps and glaciers
              1. Ice cap is a thick, continuous mass of ice that covers large areas of land
                1. Major ice caps and glaciers: Greenland,Antartica
                  1. Others: China, South and North America
                2. Glacier is a body of ice that moves down a slope due to gravity
                3. 1.3% is surface water (rivers, lakes)
                  1. A river is a natural stream of fresh water flowing along a definite course into another water body
                    1. Possible sources: lake,spring,melting glacier
                      1. Smaller streams that add to the flow are called tributaries
                        1. The end of a river is called a mouth
                          1. Mouth usually empties to a lake or ocean
                            1. Largest river drainage basins: Mississippi, Amazon, Nile, Yangtze, Yenisey, Congo, Mackenzie
                        2. 30.1% is groundwater (wells)
                          1. Stored underground in soil and underlying rocks
                            1. When rain falls, some water infiltrates the ground. These are known as groundwater
                            2. Most abundant supply: South America and Africa
                              1. Many countries use groundwater for irrigation
                                1. Largest areas irrigated with groundwater: India, China, US
                              2. Lake is a body of water occupying a hollow in the earth's surface
                                1. Lake Huron, Lake Superior, Lake Ontorio, Lake Michigan, Lake Baykal, Lake Victoria, Lake Erie
                          2. Locations in the world facing water shortage
                            1. Fresh water availability: Country's total water resources divided by total population
                              1. Water scarcity and water stress: most of Africa
                              2. Northern Africa facing water scarcity (natural)
                                1. One of the driest areas in the world- low rainfall
                                2. Aral Sea in Middle East (once the 4th largest lake in world) - caused by human activities
                                  1. People use water for large-scale irrigation projects for crops
                                    1. Aral Sea began to shrink drastically

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