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TCA Cycle

Beschreibung

The main flow of the Citric Acid/Krebs/Tri-Carboxylic Acid cycle.
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

TCA Cycle
  1. Pyruvate
    1. Acetyl-CoA
      1. Citrate
        1. cis-Aconitate
          1. Isocitrate
            1. alpha-ketoglutarate
              1. Succinyl-CoA
                1. Succinate
                  1. Fumarate
                    1. Malate
                      1. OAA
                        1. Aspartate & Asparagine
                          1. Pyrimidines
                          2. Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)
                            1. Glucose
                              1. Ser, Gly, Cys, Phe, Tyr, Trp
                            2. Generated also by malic enzyme
                          3. FADH2
                          4. Porphyrins, heme
                            1. GTP/ATP
                              1. Self-inhibiting/inhibits Acetyl-CoA formation
                                1. Gain of symmetry; cannot distinguish original acetyl
                                2. Glutamate
                                  1. Purines
                                    1. Arginine, Proline, Glutamine
                                  2. NADH
                                    1. Inhibits
                                    2. NAD+ & Mn2+ required
                                    3. Stereospecific; asymmetric binding
                                    4. Fatty acids and sterols
                                      1. Inhibit
                                      2. Condensation reaction
                                    5. Total cycle is doubled because there are 2 pyruvate
                                      1. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
                                        1. Coenzymes
                                          1. TPP
                                            1. Lipoate
                                              1. NAD+
                                                1. FAD
                                                2. Substrate channeling
                                              2. Regulation
                                                1. ATP inhibits
                                                  1. ADP/AMP & Pi activate
                                                    1. Ca ions activate
                                                    2. Enzymatic processes involved
                                                      1. Dehydration/hydration
                                                        1. Transamination
                                                          1. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
                                                            1. Substrate level phosphorylation
                                                              1. Electron-carrier generators/redox
                                                                1. Oxidative decarboxylation
                                                                  1. Removes CO2 irreversibly, usually taking a carboxyl
                                                                  2. Dehydrogenation
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