Cranial Bones

Cranial Bones

Frontal
1. supraorbital margin "ridge" - ridge on top of eye socket. Can break blood vessels here forming black eye
2. Supraorbital foramen - small hole on ridge for nerves and blood vessels
3. Orbital surface - forms top of eye socket
4. frontal sinuses - cavities of air cells in bone. Located in bridge of nose by forehead and eyebrows.
Parietal
1. Superior temporal line
2. inferior temporal line
Temporal
1. zygomatic process - forms half of cheek bone and joins with temporal process on zygomatic bone
2. mastoid process - bump behind your ear. Sternocleidomastoid attachment point. Has air cells (sinus) that connect with middle ear.
3. styloid process - very pointy downwards. Attachment point for many ligaments and muscles.
4. external acoustic meatus - large hole that opens to external ear canal and ends at ear drum.
5. Internal acoustic meatus - visible in sagittal view. Where nerve for balance exits
6. Mandibular fossa - jaw joint under zygomatic process.
7. Stylomastoid foramen - Facial nerve CN 7 near mastoid and styloid process.
8. Jugular Fossa (foramen) - jugular vessel passing. Forms Jugular foramen when joined with occipital bone.
9. carotid canal - anterior to jugular fossa. Where INTERNAL carotid artery enters brain.
10. Petrous portion - houses inner ear structures for hearing and balance. Vestibular cochlear nerve CN 8 passes.
Occipital
1. Foramen magnum - large hole that connects spinal cord and brain stem
2. occipital condyle - articulates with 1st cervical vertebrae. Helps to nod head
3. External occipital protuberance - bump on the back of your head. Ligament attaches here to 7th cervical vertebrae to hold head upright.
4. Nuchal lines - trapezius muscle attachment
5. Hypoglossal canal - under the occipital condyle. Allows passage of CN 12 to control tongue.
Sphenoid
1. sphenoidal sinus
2. superior orbital fissure - hole lateral to sphenoidal sinus. Allows passage for 3 ocular CN nerves.
3. optic canal - CN2
4. cella tursica - saddle for brain on interior surface of bone
5. foramen rotundum - listed anterior to posterior
6. foramen ovale
7. foramen spinosum
8. Greater/lesser wings
Ethmoid
1. Christa Galli - forms nasal cavity and orbit of eye. Connects to "seat belt" of brain.
2. foramina - lots of foramen in cribiform plate. Olfactory nerves CN1 and ocular CN2 pass.
3. lateral masses - contains ethnoid sinuses (side of your nose)
4. nasal concha - forms turbulentia that create turbulence in air to help mucus trap dust ect.
5. perpendicular plate - nasal septum (divide bone into 2 cavities).
Sutures
1. Lambdoid: occipital and parietal bones. Sutural bones grow in gap.
2. Coronal - parietal and frontal bone
3. sagittal - parietal bone suture
4. Sqamous - parietal and temporal bone

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