Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Acute Renal Failure
- Causes
- Preprenal
- Hypoperfnusion
due to: 1-CHF
2-Renal artery
stenosis
3-thrombosis
4-dehydration
- BUN/CR ratio >15
FEna <1%
Urine osm >500nn
- Hypovolemic shock
- Renal
- 1-acute tubular necrosis
- Ischemic:
Hypotension-shock-Renal
vascular diseases.
- Nephrotoxic: Toxins
(drugs-radigraphic contrast-
mercury-Heamoglobinuria –
myoglobinuria)
- 2-tubule-interstitial nephritis
- Infectious type. Mostly
bacterial :"Pyelonephritis”
- Non-infectious types: drugs
(hypersensitivity), toxins,
physical(obstruction), Multiple
myeloma, immunologic, and
vascular causes
- Postrenal
- Obstruction below
kidney’s level:
1-tumor 2-stones
3-prostate hypertrophy
- Early stage
*acute*:
BUN/CR ratio >15
FEna <1%
Urine osm >500
- Chronic long
term:
BUN/CR ratio <15
FEna >2%
Urine osm <500
- Definition
- a rapid decline in kidney function that can
lead to long-term kidney damage and
death. It is often preventable or reversible
- Epidemiology
- Affects 5-7% OF ALL HOSPITALISED PATIENTS
20-70% MORTALITY RATE
- Signs & Symptoms
- azotemia (High BUN/creatinine)
Oliguria or polyuria
Fluid retention (edema)
Shortness of breath
Fatigue and Confusion
Seizures or coma Chest
pain or pressure
Foamy or bubbly urine
- Can be Asymptomatic!
- Investigations
- Management
- Hydration
hyperkalemia
Pulmonary edema
Fluid retention
Acidosis
- Diuretics
- Tubular Reabsorption function
- Complications
- Fluid buildup
Chest pain
Muscle weakness
Chronic Renal Failure