Biology - Cells and Transport

CELL STRUCTURE
1. eukaryote
  1. 'true nucleus'
  2. has nucleus
    1. has cell membrane
      1. larger + complex
  3. multi celled + single celled
    1. has membrane bound organelles
      1. nucleus, chloroplast
  4. yeast
  5. both have ribosomes, chromosomes, cytoplasm
2. prokaryote
  1. 'before nucleus'
  2. DNA in cytoplasm, nucleiod region
    1. single celled
      1. bacteria
        flagella - move around
    2. no membrane bound organelles
3. animal cell
  1. nucleus,membrane, cytoplasm
4. plant cell
  1. vacuole, cell wall, chloroplast
TRANSPORT
1. diffusion
  1. movement of molecules from high to low
    1. liquid/gas molecules
  2. passive
    1. no extra energy
2. osmosis
  1. movement of water molecule from high conc of water - low conc of water
    1. when cell filled w/ water
      1. turgid
    2. flaccid
      1. water moves out of vacuole
  2. partially permeable membrane
3. active transport
  1. requires energy
MAGNIFICATION
1. image size / actual size
2. actual size
  1. image size / magnification
3. image size = mm
  1. actual size = nm/μm
4. cm
  1. mm
    1. micrometre/μm
      1. nanometre/nm
      2. x 1000
    2. x 1000
  2. x10
DIFFERENTIATION
1. stem cells
  1. bone marrow
    1. human embryo
  2. develop into any cell type
  3. easy to grow
  4. body won't reject it
  5. growth not regulated, cancer
  6. religious/ pro-life disagree
BINARY FISSION/MITOSIS
1. repair/replace/growth
2. DNA replication
  1. chromosomes line at equator
    1. double chromosomes (92)
      1. get pulled to either side of cell
        cell splits
        clones/daughter cell

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Biology - Cells and Transport

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