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Neo Psychoanalytical
1. Karen Horney
  1. Feminist approach to Freud
  2. Female penis envy: Product of social/cultural influences
  3. Neuroticism
    1. Unhappy people trying to form relationships
    2. They tend to emit their insecurities onto other people - not attractive
    3. They deal with this by: Moving Toward, Away From or Against people
      1. Away: Asocial, socially indifferent
      2. Toward: Clingy, seeking acceptance
      3. Against: Forceful, bossy
  4. Strengths
    1. Considers social
  5. Limitations
    1. Untested
    2. Limited in content: Basically just Neurotic
Psychoanalytical
1. Freud
  1. Strengths
    1. Strongly influenced psychology
    2. Therapy can treat people
  2. Limitations
    1. Based off clinical case studies
      1. Abnormality
      2. Doesnt apply to most
    2. Cant be tested
2. Personality is the result of:
  1. Defense mechanisms
    1. Repression
    2. Projection
    3. Rationalisation
  2. Psychosexual stages of development
    1. Oral, Anal, Phallic etc.
  3. Internal/Subconscious conflict with the ID, EGO, SUPEREGO
Humanistic
1. Maslow
  1. heirachy
  2. Strengths
    1. Focus human achievement rather than disorder
    2. Widely accepted
    3. Structured Heirachy
  3. Limitations
    1. Disregards culture
    2. Unscientific
2. Rogers
  1. Self Congruence
    1. Consistency in IDEA of self and REALITY
      1. Anxiety comes from distorting experiences that threaten sonsistency
      2. Psychotherapy: Client centred Supportive not reconstructive
  2. Strengths
    1. Consideres human potential not disorder
  3. Limitations
3. Focused on personal differences
4. Thinking rationally
Behaviourist
Types & Traits
1. Allport
  1. Dictionaries
  2. 4000 ways to describe perosnality
  3. Refined to 171
  4. 3 categories
    1. Cardinal: Deep, influences behaviour, thoughts, feelings
    2. Central: Not so deep
    3. Secondary: Superficial (STATE)
  5. Strengths
    1. Descriptive
    2. Clear
    3. Structured Heirachy
  6. Limitations
    1. Some traits arent solely indipendant
    2. Some traits are very similar
    3. Descriptive not explantory
    4. Cultural consideration
    5. Didnt use factor analysis
2. Cattell
  1. Refined 171 to 16
  2. 16 traits were the source of all human personality
  3. 16 factor personality test
  4. Adventurous - Shy Outgoing - Reserved
  5. Strengths
    1. Used factor analysis
    2. Test used for job interviews etc.
  6. Limitations
    1. Some traits are similar/ not independent of each other
3. McCrae & Costa
  1. Refined 16 to 5
  2. 5: The roots of all human personality
  3. Big Five Personality test
  4. Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Nearoticism
    1. Took me 5 minutes to spell Conscientiousness -.-
  5. Strengths
    1. Common test
    2. Functional: Predicts behaviour
  6. Limitations
    1. Over simplified
    2. Neuroticism isn't a common trait
    3. Descriptive not explanitory
    4. Factors influence each other
Psychosocial
1. Albert Bandura
  1. Triadic Reciprocal Model
    1. Interaction between...
      1. Enviro
      2. Behaviour
      3. Psychological processes
      4. Defines personality
  2. Strengths
    1. Positive
    2. Self empowering
    3. Curing personality disroders
  3. Limitations
    1. Therapy can cause people to become overconfident in themselves
    2. Very ambiguous results
Biological
1. Contemporary
  1. genes
  2. Nervous system makeup
  3. Neurotransmitters
  4. Hormones
    1. Testosterone
      1. Sex drive
    2. Estrogen
      1. Emotional stability
  5. Strengths
    1. Can be scientifically proven
  6. Limitations
    1. Doesnt account for social/cultural environmental influences
    2. Nature not nurture
2. Historical
  1. Phrenology (shape of head)
  2. Body Types
    1. Endomurph
  3. Physionomy (shape of face)
  4. Bodily fluids
  5. Took physical traits and associated them with personality traits
  6. Strengths
    1. Was the first consideration of personality traits
  7. Limitations
    1. Has been proven wrong
    2. Made loose connections to suit hypotheses
GENERAL PERSONALITY
1. DISORDERS
2. Unique, relatively consistent PATTERN of BEHAVIOUR, THOUGHTS & FEELINGS
  1. How you handle situations
  2. Sense of humour
  3. Expectations of others

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