The Renaissance

Data
1. Gonzalo Lama
2. Teacher: Erick Henry
3. Subject: Social Studies
4. 7 "A"
Location, Time and Meaning
1. The Renaissance is the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century , marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.
Religion
1. Protestantism
  1. Causes
    1. Roman Catholicism doesn´t had universal approve
    2. People were against "pardon-merchants"
    3. Was getting to powerful and corrupt
  2. Martin Luther
    1. A german Monk that was the Leader of Reformation
      1. He wrote 95 Theses attacking the Catholic Curch and the monks and priests that wanted money for giving pardon to the people or other sacraments of this religion
        The 95 Theses of Luther spread easily and fast with the invention of the Printing Press
  3. King Henry VII
    1. He was the Leader of Reformation in England.
    2. King Henry VIII wanted a son so that when he dies, he is his substitute. But, the problem was that he only had one daughter and also his wife of 42 years of age, Catherine, was no longer the age to have another child.
    3. Then King Henry VIII wanted to divorce Catherine, but the church did not accept it. So he took the church out of political power and secretly married Anne Boleyn.
  4. Effects in all Europe
    1. A civil war in Germany occurred, a big war called the "30-years war". Killing 25 to 40 percent of his people
    2. Protestants Sects appear thruogh all Europe
    3. Inquisitions occured through alll Europe
  5. Jhon Calvin
    1. When Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses in 1517, John Calvin had been only eight years old
    2. Leader of Reformation in Switzerland
    3. John Calvin, a law student in France with a growing interest in Church doctrine, was beginning to clarify his religious beliefs.
    4. In 1536, Calvin published Institutes of the Christian Religion. This book expressed ideas about God, salvation, and human nature. It was a summary of Protestant theology, or religious beliefs.
    5. Calvin grew up to have as much influence in the spread of Protestantism as Luther did. He would give order to the faith Luther had begun.
2. Catholic Reformation
  1. Because a reformation of protestantism occurred,, the catholic church also had it own reformation
    1. The Leaders of Catholic Reformation
      1. Pope Paul III
        Paul III, pope from 1534 to 1549, took four important steps.
        1. He directed a council of cardinals to investigate indulgence selling and other abuses in the Church.
        2. He approved the Jesuit order.
        3. He used the Inquisition to seek out heresy in papal territory.
        4. He called a council of Church leaders to meet in Trent, in northern Italy.
        From 1545 to 1563, at the Council of Trent, Catholic bishops and cardinals agreed on several doctrines:
        •The Church’s interpretation of the Bible was final.
        . Any Christian who substituted his or her own interpretation was a heretic.
        •Christians needed faith and good works for salvation. They were not saved by faith alone, as Luther argued.
        •The Bible and Church tradition were equally powerful authorities for guiding Christian life.
        •Indulgences were valid expressions of faith. But the false selling of indulgences was banned.
      2. Pope Paul IV
        He vigorously carried out council´s decrees
        In 1559, he had officials draw up a list of books considered dangerous to the Catholic faith. This list was known as the Index of Forbidden Books.
        In Venice alone, followers burned 10,000 books in one day.
        Catholic bishops throughout Europe were ordered to gather up the offensive books (including Protestant Bibles) and burn them in bonfires.
Art
1. Scukpture
  1. Statues had a realistic style.
    1. Statues had natural poses
    2. And also facial expressions to determine personality
  2. Also used classical techniques of Greece and Rome
2. Drawings
  1. Renaissance Artists started to use the technique of perspective, showing three dimensions on a flat surface.
  2. Also used classical techniques of Greece and Rome
3. Famous Artists
  1. Leonardo Da Vinci
  2. Titian
  3. Raphael
  4. Michelangelo
  5. Sandro Botticelli
  6. Donatello
  7. Jan Van Eyck
Inventions
1. Printing Press
  1. Used to print any type of document in an easier and cheapier way
  2. Inventor: Johann Gutenberg
2. Condom
  1. Used to prevent the "Frenh Disease", the renaissance name for the disease called Syphillis
  2. Inventor: Gabrielle Fallopio
3. Telescope
  1. An instrument to see space bodies
  2. Inventor: Galileo Galilei
Northern Renaissance
1. Changes in Society
  1. Printing changed society by making more information available and inexpensive enough for society at large.
  2. A greater availability of books prompted an increased desire for learning and a rise in literacy throughout Europe.
  3. Published accounts of new discoveries, maps, and charts led to further discoveries in a variety of fields.
  4. Published legal proceedings made the laws clear so that people were more likely to understand their rights.
  5. People began to question political structures and religious practices.
2. Ellizabethan Age
  1. The Renaissance spread to England in the mid-1500s. The period was known as the Elizabethan Age.
  2. She was well educated and spoke French, Italian, Latin, and Greek. She also wrote poetry and music. As queen she did much to support the development of English art and literature.
Literature
1. Writers started to use vernacular languages to express their ideas
2. Famous Writers
  1. Francesco Petrarch
  2. Giovanni Boccaccio
  3. William Shakespeare
Sources
1. Renaissance inventions « Inventions and Inventors. (2014). Inventionware.com. Retrieved 29 April 2018, from http://www.inventionware.com/renaissance-inventions/
2. Dickson, A. (2017). Renaissance writers. The British Library. Retrieved 29 April 2018, from https://www.bl.uk/shakespeare/themes/renaissance-writers
3. Beck, R., Black, L., Krieger, L., Naylor, P., & Shabaka, D. (2005). World History (1st ed., pp. 468-503). McDougal Litell. Retrieved from http://www.msturnbull.com/uploads/3/8/1/3/38134823/chapter_17_european_renaissance_and_reformation.pdf

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The Renaissance

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