Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Chapter 6: Technological and
Environmental Transformations to c.
600 B.C.E
- Paleolithic
- foraging societies
- small groups of people who traveled from point to point
- pastoral societies
- domestication of animals, continually search for new grazing areas
- Neolithic (Revolution) (8000 - 3000 B.C.E)
- food surpluses
- specialized labor
- organized economies
- governmental structures
- civilization
- religious organizations
- impacts on the environment
- metallurgy
- (Bronze Age)
- Early Civilizations
- Mesopotamia
- Sumer
- cuneiform
- polytheistic
- each city state had one god that was worshipped only by its people
- Babylon
- The Code of Hammurabi
- credited as significant step toward modern legal codes
- Hittites
- used iron
- Assyrians
- Persian Empire
- Ancient Egypt
- united under King Menes
- hieroglyphics
- polytheistic, afterlife
- women
- Queen Hatshepsut
- could buy, sell, inherit, and will
- Indus Valley Civilization
- geography
- protected by huge mountains
- Khyber Pass
- Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro
- strong central government
- 100,000+ people
- Aryans
- migrating nomadic tribes
- beliefs formed basis for Hinduism
- caste system
- China
- Shang Dynasty
- Yellow River
- ethnocentrism
- patriarchal structure
- Zhou Dynasty
- Mandate of Heaven
- empire became too big, developed bureaucracies
- West Africa
- Bantu migrations
- spurred by climactic changes (Sahara Desert)
- Jenne-Jeno
- collection of individual communities
- Mesoamerica and Andean South America
- Olmec
- present-day Mexico
- Chavin
- Andes, South America
- Women CCOT
- more rights in Paleolithic cultures
- gathering food
- socialization of their children
- Neolithic
- lawgivers, counselors, storytellers, healers, shamans, and magicians