141874
Beschreibung
Mindmap von mawbyharriet, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von mawbyharriet
vor mehr als 11 Jahre
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Endocrine System
- Structure & function:
- Works alongside the nervous system to control and co-ordinate body functions.
(nervous - corrects immediately) (endocrine - gradual). This is achieved by the
release of hormones. Endocrine responses are slower but tend to last longer.
- FUNCTIONS:
- Regulating: chemical composition of internal
fluids, metabolism and energy balance, contraction
of smooth and cardiac muscle fibres, glandular
secretions, immune system activities.
- Controlling: Growth and development
- Regulating operation of reproductive system
- Helping to establish cicadian rhythms.
Most hormones are circulating hormones
but some act locally.
- Regulating: chemical composition of internal
fluids, metabolism and energy balance, contraction
of smooth and cardiac muscle fibres, glandular
secretions, immune system activities.
- Works alongside the nervous system to control and co-ordinate body functions.
(nervous - corrects immediately) (endocrine - gradual). This is achieved by the
release of hormones. Endocrine responses are slower but tend to last longer.
- Major endocrine glands
- 2 types of glands within the body: >Exocrine - secretes
product into ducts, then to lumen of organ, body cavity or
surface of body. > Endocrine - Secretes product into
intersitual fluid, then into blood stream to target cells.
- Pituitary: >Master gland - it secretes several
hormones which control other endocrine glands.
Pituitary has its own master - the hypothalamus, It
has 2 lobes. -Anterior -Posterior
- Thyroid: > Butterfly shaped gland located below larynx. >
Produces thyroid hormones T & T3 >Produces calcitonin
- Parathyroid glands: > Partially embedded in the posterior walls of the lobes
of the thyroid gland. Produce one hormone called PTH parathormone.
- Adrenal: Lie superior to kidney > 2 regions, cortex and medulla. >cortex - produces
mineralcorticiods > Medulla - produces epinephrine and noepinephrine (fight or flight)
- Pancreas - Has both exocrine (digestive enzymes)
and endocrine (hormonal) function.
- Ovaries and Testes: Ovaries - Produce oestrogen and progesterone -
work with FSH & LH. Testes - Testosterone. Inhibits secretes of FSH.
- 2 types of glands within the body: >Exocrine - secretes
product into ducts, then to lumen of organ, body cavity or
surface of body. > Endocrine - Secretes product into
intersitual fluid, then into blood stream to target cells.
- Define Hormone
- 'Mediator' molecules released in one point of the body but regulating the activity of cells in other parts.
- 'Mediator' molecules released in one point of the body but regulating the activity of cells in other parts.
- Control of hormone secretions
- Hormones can be divided into 2 classes:
- Lipid soluble - Fat soluble including steroid and thyroid hormones.
- Water soluble - Surface of cell includes, amine hormones, peptide
and protein hormones
- Lipid soluble - Fat soluble including steroid and thyroid hormones.
- Most hormones are secreted in short bursts in response to stimulation. Regulation prevents over or under
production. Secretion regulated by: > Signals from nervous system >Chemical changes in the blood >Other
hormones
- Hormones can be divided into 2 classes:
- Define negative and positive feedback
- Most hormones work by negative feedback, however a few operate by positive feedback.
- NEGATIVE FEEDBACK: Reverses any upward or downward change to the normal
range of a controlled condition. ie the activity the effector negates the original
stimulus.
- POSITIVE FEEDBACK: System strengthens or reinforces the change in
bodys controlled condition. Activity continues until the stimulus is removed
or outside force interrupts the activity.
- Most hormones work by negative feedback, however a few operate by positive feedback.
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