Yasser is falling behind

Pituitary gland
1. Anatomy
2. Function
  1. Posterior pituitary
    1. Secretes
      1. (ADH)
        Oxytocin
  2. Anterior pituitary
    1. Secretes
      1. ACTH
        TSH
        LH
        FSH
        PRL
        GH
GROWTH CHARTS
1. track the growth of infants, children, and adolescents
  1. Males
  2. Females
Developmental milestones
maternal and child health care
1. promote
  1. Therapeutic rehabilitation
    1. Decrease in mortality and morbidity
2. Checkups
  1. • History
    1. weight
      1. length
        • Head circumference
        Feeding
        • Sleeping
        Development
        • physical examination
Hormones involved in growth
1. Growth hormone
  1. Thyroid hormone
    1. Insulin & IGF1
      1. Androgens
  2. Deficiency
    1. Due to
      1. 1-deficiency of anterior pituitary secretion
        2-Secretion of inactive growth hormone
        3-Hypothalamic dysfunction
        4-Lack of end organ response to GH
    2. Leads to
      1. 1-panhypopituitary dwarfism
        2-African Pygmy and LeviLorain dwarf
    3. Treatment
      1. Drugs
        rGH:
        sermorlin
        mecasermin
        nutropin
      2. Adverse effects
        Hyperglycemia
        Gynactomastia
        Tumorogenesis
        BIH
      3. Prognosis
        catch-up growth in first year
        waning effect
Hereditary causes for short stature
1. achondroplasia
  1. mucopolysaccharide disease.
    1. SED
malnutrition
1. • Stunting
  1. height and weight under normal
2. • Marasmus
  1. severe protein-energy deficiency
3. • Kwashiorkor
  1. acute protein-energy deficiency
4. • Vitamin and mineral deficiency
intellectual disability
1. • Mild
  1. • Moderate
    1. • Severe
Investigations
1. Blood test
  1. (DXA) scan
    1. MRI
      1. X-ray

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Yasser is falling behind

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