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Approaches & Methods
Beschreibung
Approaches & methods
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Marcia Stringer
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Approaches & Methods
Grammatical Approach
Teacher-centered
Rules & structure of language
Grammar-translation :development of reading, writing, and grammar
Direct: Total immersion in L2, no use of L1
Emphasizes error correction, drills, and repetitive practice
Communicative Approach
Student-centered on communication and acquisition
Integrated Content Based: L2 development, content & language integration, and themes
Sheltered Instruction: scaffold instruction, visuals, cooperative learning, and guided vocabulary
Historical Silent Way: Teacher model talk, repetition, signals, seldom content
Historical natural Way: comprehensible input, acceptance of L1, minimal error correction
Historical Suggestopedia: relaxed setting, L1 for explanations
Cognitive Approach
Integrated Content Based Instruction
Integrates student biography
Sociocultural
Cognitive
Academic
Linguistic
Implements 3 key factors
Use of a variety of media
development of thinking skills
student-centered instruction
ICB Lesson Process
Planning
Instruction
Assessment
Sheltered Method of Instruction
Strategies
Hands-on activities
Cooperative Learning
Guarded Vocabulary
Visuals
Specifically Designed Academic Instruction
Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol
CALLA Method of Instruction
Purpose of CALLA:
Focus on learner
Improve academic language profenciency
Motivate with content topics
Teach learning strategies
Academic Language
Authentic Content
Aligned to standards
Linked to prior cultural knowledge
Hands-on inquiry based tasks
Language developed through content
Vocabulary and discourse of content
Five Phases
Preparation
Presentation
Practice
Expansion
Self-evaluation
Linked to prior linguistic knowledge
Cognitive Approach
learner-centered on explicit learning strategies
developmentatlly appropriate language instruction
focus on prior knowledge
Explicit instruction: Metacognitive, Cognitive, Social/affective
CALP development in L1 & L2
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