Approaches and Methods

Cognitive: learner-centered with focus on exploits teaching of learning strategies
1. CALLA- focuses on CALP development in L1 and L2
  1. Cooperative Learning
    1. Think-Pair-Share
    2. Turn and Talk
  2. Using background knowledge
    1. KWL Chart
  3. Maximizing content and language objectives
    1. Questioning
    2. Outlines
  4. Metacognition
    1. Graphic Organizers
Communicative: Student-centered and focuses on learning through communication, constructivism, and social interactions
1. Silent Way- teacher models and reinforces with repetition and signals
  1. Guarded vocabulary- teacher does everything with specific purpose
    1. Reduced use of idioms, slang talk, etc.
2. Natural Way- minimal error correction with acceptance of students L!
  2. Student led; things happen naturally
    1. Heterogeneous grouping
3. Suggestopedia- relaxed setting, use of L1
  1. Historical
  2. Cooperative Learning
4. Integrated Content Based: emphasizes L2 development; focuses on content and language integration
  1. Integrated thematic units
5. Sheltered Instruction: grade level modified; scaffolded instruction
  1. Visuals
    1. Big Books
    2. Based on lesson/standard content
  2. Cooperative Learning
  3. Hands-On activities
    1. Use of simulations
    2. Use of relia
Grammatical: teacher-centered with focus on rules and structure of the L2 with little to no use of the L1 allowed
1. Grammar Translation- emphasis is development of reading, writing, and grammar
  1. Rules taught holistically and explicitly
    1. Skill & Drill Practice
2. Direct- immersion and no use of L1
  1. Rote Memorization
    1. Repetition
  2. Drill and Practice
3. Audiolingual- focuses on error correction

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Approaches and Methods

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