Zusammenfassung der Ressource
WJEC Geography B - Theme 3
Case studies
- Industry location change
- The fashion
manufacturing
industry (JAK based in
Leicester now
outsourcing to
Beximco in Dhaka.)
- How it
changed
location?
- Based in Leicester
- Outsource to
Bexminco in Dhaka,
Bangladesh
- Why the change in location happened?
- Large
labour force
- Minimum wage is $0.09 per
hour, compared to $10.02 in
the UK.
- Plentiful supply of energy
- Low tax paid by companies
- Fewer regulations
e.g. health and safety
laws, which make it
cheaper for a factory
to produce goods.
- In 2013, Bangladesh knitwear
factory collapsed in which more
than 1000 people lost their lives.
- The social
economic
impacts of the
change
- Impacts on Dhaka
- Positive
multiplier effect
- Minimum wage workers
- Money to improve standard of
living for themselves and families
BUT may have to work long hours in
cramped conditions for little pay.
- Impacts on Leicester
- Negative multiplier effect
- Minimum wage
workers and
their families
- Loss of job has a negative
effect on standard of living
and quality of life as they
have less disposable income.
- JAK company owners
- Able to increase company's profits
- UK goverment
- Pressure of benefits system
as more people unemployed
- An MNC
- Nike globally and particularly in Vietnam
- Location of different activities around the world
- Secondary activity:
Manufacture in NICs
such as Vietnam
- There are 150 Asian factories
manufacturing 350,000 products for Nike
- There are 34 Nike plants in Vietnam
- Lower minimum wage
- Good access to raw materials
- Some goverments offer
incentives such as tax
breaks to encourage
MNCs to locate there to
aid development
- Less strict laws
about polluting the
environment
- Lack of trade unions makes
it difficult for workers to
strike due to poor conditions
- The effect of Nike
manufacture in
Vietnam
- Economic impacts
on Vietnam
- Positive
- Nike pays higher wages
than other companies
- The factories will pay
tax so the
government benefits
- Positive multiplier effect
- Negative
- Nike could leave at
any moment
- The jobs are
mostly unskilled
and low pay
- Social impacts on Vietnam
- Positive
- Creates formal employment and
regular wages, so people previously
employed in the informal sector benefit
- Sets high standards for other companies
- Negative
- The company image and
advertising might undermine the
culture of Vietnamese people
- Nike may have a
political influence
over the goverment
- Climate change managment
- BedZed, UK law and international agreement
- Local scale and views of different groups of people
- Beddington Zero Energy Development (BedZed) is an
environmentally friendly housing development in
Hackbridge, London. It is designed to be a sustainable
development. the 82 homes and 1,405 square meters
of work space were built in 2000-2002.
- National scale and views of different groups of people
- The UK government is
- Promoting low-carbon technologies
- Incentives for solar
panel installation firms
- Green subsides on
electricity bills to
promote the use of
sustainable fuels/energy
- Promoting new
fuel efficient cars
- The UK government wants
to protect the UK from the
effects of sea level rise
- Environmental campaign grounds such as WWF as in
favour of measures taken to lessen climate change as
they are concerned about the loss of species adapted to
the UK's climate, e.g. the loss of rare species in Scotland
- International scale and views of different groups of people
- From 1997, most countries in the world
agreed to monitor and cut greenhouse
gas emissions by signing an international
agreement called the Kyoto Protical
- The government of Maldives
- Believes that the world needs to
tackle climate change to prevent
their island being submerged by
sea
- The government of the USA
- Believes the whole world should take action for
the efforts to be noticeable and there is no point if
other countries such as China do not do anything
to tackle climate change
- Economic activity and the environment
- Safari tourism in the Masai Mara, south Kenya
- Causes of environmental change
- Tourists
- Conservational areas
- Desertification
- Water cycle damage
- Animals distubed
- Strategies being used to
manage the environment
- Basecamp Masai Mara, opened in 1998, the
main tent consists of 16 tents
- Environmentally sustainable management
- Tree-top wildlife viewing posts has reduced the need for game drives
- Most structures can be dismantled
- Use local materials
- Extensive use of solar energy and
use of energy saving LED bulbs
- Investment in
conservation,
no profit for 5
years
- Solar cooker
- Waste is separated and composted
- Dry toilets
- Supported the planting of an estimated
25,000 tress since 2000, as part of restoring
vegetation along the river near Basecamp