The Early Middle Ages

Characteristics
1. Political
  1. In Western Europe
    1. Wars and sackings
    2. Monarch depended on nobles
  2. In the Late Middle Ages
    1. Monarch's power increased
  3. In Eastern Europe
    1. Byzantine Empire declined
    2. Muslim Empire expanded
  4. In the High Middle Ages
    1. Muslim World fragmented
    2. Christians
      1. The Crusades
2. Economic
  1. Internal conflicts
  2. Trade and cities declined
  3. Agriculture
    1. Rural areas
  4. Craft production and trade routes
3. Social
  1. The highest authority
    1. The lord
      1. Protected
        Vassals
  2. Peasants / Serfs
    1. Worked for
  3. Nobles
4. Cultural
  1. Christiantity
  2. Islam
  3. Artistic styles
    1. Romanesque
      1. XI - XIII
    2. Gothic
      1. XII - XV
    3. Renaissance
      1. XV - XVIII
The Germanic Invasions
1. Defeated Western Roman Empire
2. Reasons for the migrations
  1. Changes in climate
  2. Population increased
  3. Pressure from other peoples
  4. Political / military weakness (neighbouring states)
3. Germanic Peoples
  1. Franks
    1. Gaul
    2. The Carolingian Empire
      1. Origins
        Mayor of the palace / Major-domo
        Pippin I the Younger
        Ocuppied the throne
        The Pope needed help
        The Lombard invasion
        Pippin and his son helped
        Charles / Charlemagne
        came to the throne
        768 A.D.
        was crowned emperor
        800 A.D.
        by Pope Leo III
        Capital
        Aquisgrammum
      2. Political structure
        A marquis governed the border provinces
        Marches
        A duke governed the strategic lands
        Duches
        Governed from the palace
        The count ( a group of trusted advisors )
        Counts governed provinces
        Countries
      3. Economy and society
        Agriculture
        Charlemagne
        Rewarded their nobles large states / latifundia
        Peasants
        Worked the lands that belonged to the nobles
      4. Culture and art
        Monks
        Copied ancient texts
        Scribes
        Carolingian minuscule
        Miniatures to ilustrate the texts
        The Carolingian Renaissance
        Carolingian architectural style
        Semi-circular arches
        Stone and brick walls
  2. Visigoths
    1. Iberian Peninsula
  3. Suebis
    1. North-east Iberian Peninsula
  4. Ostrogoths
    1. Italian Peninsula
  5. Vandals
    1. North Africa
  6. Angles
  7. Saxons
    1. Great Britain
The Byzantine Empire
1. Origins
  1. Theodosius I
    1. DIvided the Roman Empire
  2. Capital
    1. Byzantium
      1. Canstantinople
        On the Bosphorus Strait
  3. Justinian the Great
    1. Its maximum size
      1. Spania
        Capital: Cartagena
2. Eastern Roman Empire
3. Political structure
  1. The Byzantine Empreror / Basileus
  2. Officials
  3. Mercenaries ( soldiers )
  4. Stratego ( governed the themes )
4. Economy
  1. Arable and livestock farming
    1. Latifundia
  2. Trade
    1. Europe and Asia
    2. Europe and Africa
  3. Craftmanship
    1. Gold and silver
5. Society
  1. Landowning
  2. Poor peasants
    1. Taxes
  3. A busy city llife

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The Early Middle Ages

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