Ser vs Estar

Ser vs Estar

Ser
1. Permanent characteristics
2. Origin, nationality, profession
3. Indicate possession (to whom an object belongs to)
4. When/where something takes place *this particular event will not happen somewhere else again*
5. Hint* When confused with when to use ser or estar, we can look for “de” in the sentence, and use ser *
6. Component (what something is made out of)
Estar
1. Location *temporary*
2. Feelings or Emotion *this is temporary,not permanent-it does not last forever, and it does not indicate that person you are describing have this feeling/emotion permanently*
3. Progressive *the form is usually estar + -ando (-ar ending verbs), or estar + -iendo (-er/-ir ending verbs) when using present participles*
4. Hint* When confused with when to use ser or estar, we can look for “en” in the sentence and use estar *
Some adjectives that changes meanings -Some adjectives change their meanings depending on whether they are used with ser or estar
1. Abierto - Estar: to be open, Ser: to be frank, communicative
  1. Callado- Estar: to be quiet, Ser: to be naturally quiet
    1. Viejo- Estar: to be getting old, Ser: to be old
      1. Despierto- Estar: to be awake, Ser: to be bright, smart
        Listo- Estar: to be ready, Ser: to be smart, clever
        Loco- Estar: to be acting crazy, Ser: to be certifiably crazy
        Nuevo- Estar: to be like new, Ser: to be brand new
Hint * we can see that when using estar, the adjectives indicate that it is mostly temporary, and ser is mostly permanent *

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