Coast management

Beschreibung

Mindmap am Coast management, erstellt von [MABE]Matej179 am 12/01/2015.
[MABE]Matej179
Mindmap von [MABE]Matej179, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
[MABE]Matej179
Erstellt von [MABE]Matej179 vor fast 10 Jahre
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Coast management
  1. Soft engineering
    1. Beach nourishing: sand transported to repair LSD.
      1. Strengths: has a natural look.
        1. Weaknesses: costly and may erode again.
        2. Do nothing: land is no longer worth defending.
          1. Strengths: free.
            1. Weaknesses: problems could get worse.
            2. Red lining or zone management: preventing further building on endangered land.
              1. Strengths: saves money long term.
                1. Weaknesses: unpopular and politically challenging.
              2. Sustainable management.
                1. Managed retreat: incentives given through grants/buyouts to encourage re- location and ‘set-back’ schemes.
                  1. Strengths: saves construction costs.
                    1. Weaknesses: difficult to argue and persuade politically if residents are involved in the relocation.
                    2. Coastal resilience: allowing flooding and other phenomenons can have positive ecological outcomes.
                      1. Strengths: very cost effective and ecologically helpful.
                        1. Weaknesses: loss of agriculturally valuable land can lead to large scale losses.
                        2. Shoreline management plans: getting local groups to work together towards a solution.
                          1. Strengths: solution matches specific needs of the locals.
                            1. Weaknesses: those who want immediate action can view this as a delaying tactic.
                          2. Hard engineering
                            1. Cliff-foot strategies
                              1. Sea walls: a large wall built to absorb energy from waves.
                                1. Strenghts: traditional method.
                                  1. Weaknesses: very costly and quite ineffective for built beaches and LSD locations
                                  2. Revetments: a wall that is built to reflect wave energy.
                                    1. Strengths: also traditional but cheaper than sea walls.
                                      1. Weaknesses: costly and ineffective with very strong waves.
                                      2. Gabions: wire cages that hold rocks for coastal defences.
                                        1. Strenghts: even cheaper than revetments.
                                          1. Weaknesses: also costly and only a small scale solution.
                                          2. Groynes: barricades made of wood or rock to prevent LSD.
                                            1. Strengths: quite cheap and can be easily repaired.
                                              1. Weaknesses: require maintenance and can cause more problems down shore.
                                              2. Offshore bars: built offshore to reduce incoming wave strength.
                                                1. Strenghts: can be built out of waste and mimic nature.
                                                  1. Weaknesses: ecological impacts may not work that well.
                                                  2. Rip-rap: large boulders at the shore to reduce damage to sea walls and shorelines.
                                                    1. Strenghts: effective for preventing large scale erosion.
                                                      1. Weaknesses: became quite costly and may move with severe weather.
                                                    2. Cliff face strategies:
                                                      1. Cliff drainage: removes water to prevent landslides.
                                                        1. Strenghts: cost effective.
                                                          1. Weaknesses: dry cliffs can lead to collapse.
                                                          2. Cliff regrading: lowering the angle of cliffs to achieve higher ground stability.
                                                            1. Weaknesses: retreat of cliff can affect valuable land.
                                                              1. Strenghts: works on some types of rocks where nothing else will.
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