1958789
Beschreibung
Mindmap von One Health, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von One Health
vor fast 10 Jahre
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Innate Immune System
- Innate/nonspecific immunity
- Nonspecific defense that is
always active against
infection, but lacks ability to
target specific invaders
- Skin (integument)
- Defensins
- Antibacterial
enzyme
- Antibacterial
enzyme
- Basic physical
barrier against
the outside
world
- Defensins
- Respiratory system
- Lysozyme
- Nonspecific bacterial
enzyme secreted in
saliva and tears
- Nonspecific bacterial
enzyme secreted in
saliva and tears
- Cilia
- Mucous membranes
that trap particulates
and push them to the
oropharynx to be
swallowed or expelled
- Mucous membranes
that trap particulates
and push them to the
oropharynx to be
swallowed or expelled
- Lysozyme
- Skin (integument)
- Gastrointestinal tract
- Acid eliminates
most pathogens.
- Gut bacteria
- Many invaders cannot
compete with present
gut flora, and
therefore die off.
- Many invaders cannot
compete with present
gut flora, and
therefore die off.
- Acid eliminates
most pathogens.
- Complement system
- Classical pathway
- Requires binding of
antibody to pathogen
- Requires binding of
antibody to pathogen
- Alternative pathway
- Doesnt require
antibodies
- Doesnt require
antibodies
- Nonspecific defense proteins in
blood. Punch holes in bacteria cell
walls (osmotic instability). Cannot
be modified to target specific
organisms
- Classical pathway
- Interferons
- Proteins that prevent
viral replication and
dispersion
- Decrease permeability of
nearby cells making it
harder for virus to infect.
- Upregulate MHC class I and II
- Responsible for
flu-like symptoms
- Proteins that prevent
viral replication and
dispersion
- Cells of the innate immune system
- Monocytes
- Macrophages
- Antigen presenting cell. When
a bacterial invader enters a
macrophage-resident tissue,
macrophages: 1. Phagocytose
invader through endocytosis.
2. Digests invader using
enzymes. 3. Present peptides
(antigen) of invader (using
MHC) to adaptive immune
system
- Major Histocompatibility Complex
- MHC Class I pathway
- Endogenous pathway (displays proteins
from within the cell). Present in all
nucleated cells. Displays to cytotoxic
(CD8) cells
- Endogenous pathway (displays proteins
from within the cell). Present in all
nucleated cells. Displays to cytotoxic
(CD8) cells
- MHC Class II pathway
- Present on macrophages,
dendritic cells, and some B-cells
(adaptive). Displays exogenous
antigens (originate outside the
cell) to T-helper cells (CD4)
- Present on macrophages,
dendritic cells, and some B-cells
(adaptive). Displays exogenous
antigens (originate outside the
cell) to T-helper cells (CD4)
- Displays antigens to adaptive
immune system.
- MHC Class I pathway
- Pattern recognition receptors (PRR)
- Toll-like receptors
- Most common PRR.
Single,
membrane-spanning,
non-catalytic receptors
- Most common PRR.
Single,
membrane-spanning,
non-catalytic receptors
- Able to recognize category of
invader (bacteria vs. virus vs.
fungi, etc). Aids in production of
appropriate CYTOKINES
- Cytokines
- Chemicals that stimulate
inflammation and recruit
additional immune cells
- Chemicals that stimulate
inflammation and recruit
additional immune cells
- Toll-like receptors
- Antigen presenting cell. When
a bacterial invader enters a
macrophage-resident tissue,
macrophages: 1. Phagocytose
invader through endocytosis.
2. Digests invader using
enzymes. 3. Present peptides
(antigen) of invader (using
MHC) to adaptive immune
system
- Blood-borne
- Macrophages
- Antigen Presenting cells
- Dendritic Cells
- Antigen presenting
cells in the skin
- Antigen presenting
cells in the skin
- B cells (adaptive immunity)
- Dendritic Cells
- Natural killer cells
- Nonspecific lymphocyte. Can detect
down regulation of MHC (brought on
by certain pathogen defenses) and
induce apoptosis in virally infected
cells. Can offer protection against
growth of cancer as well
- Nonspecific lymphocyte. Can detect
down regulation of MHC (brought on
by certain pathogen defenses) and
induce apoptosis in virally infected
cells. Can offer protection against
growth of cancer as well
- Granulocytes
- Neutrophils
- Leukocyte.
Short lived (5
days).
Phagocytic
(particularly
opsonized bacteria)
- Chemotaxis
- Method by which
neutrophils can follow
bacteria
- Method by which
neutrophils can follow
bacteria
- Pus
- Dead neutrophils form pus
- Dead neutrophils form pus
- Leukocyte.
Short lived (5
days).
Phagocytic
(particularly
opsonized bacteria)
- Eosinophils
- Primarily involved in allergic
reactions and parasitic
infections .
- Histamine
- Inflammatory mediator. Vasodilation
& increased blood vessel leakiness
allows other immune cells to
disseminate
- Inflammatory mediator. Vasodilation
& increased blood vessel leakiness
allows other immune cells to
disseminate
- Primarily involved in allergic
reactions and parasitic
infections .
- Basophils
- Mast Cells
- Smaller granules than basophils.
Exist in tissue, mucosa, epithelium.
Degranulation (exocytosis of granule
contents) occurs when antigen binds
to mast cell, causing histamine
release, leading to inflam/allergic rxn
- Basophils and mast cells
also release HISTAMINE in
response to allergens
- Smaller granules than basophils.
Exist in tissue, mucosa, epithelium.
Degranulation (exocytosis of granule
contents) occurs when antigen binds
to mast cell, causing histamine
release, leading to inflam/allergic rxn
- Large purple granules.
Least populous under
normal conditions
- Mast Cells
- Neutrophils
- Monocytes
- Nonspecific defense that is
always active against
infection, but lacks ability to
target specific invaders
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