202473
Corruption
- Consequences
- Economic
- Impede Economic
Growth and
Performance
- Unhealthy Business
Environment
- Discourage Investment
- Stifle Entrepreneurship
- Discourage Investment
- Undermine Fiscal System
- Jeopardize Budget
- Exacerbate Deficit
- Jeopardize Budget
- Decrease Competitiveness
- Misallocation
of Resources
- Reduce Maginal Output of Input
- Reduce Maginal Output of Input
- Unhealthy Business
Environment
- Impede Economic
Growth and
Performance
- Political
- Cripple State's Function
and Legitimacy
- Leak State's Secret
- Public Benefits Loss
- Public Benefits Loss
- Harm the Judicial System
- Dampen the Trust between the
Government and People
- Distort Policy Making and Execution
- Leak State's Secret
- Impede Social
Development
- Deprive People of Scarce Resources and Opportunities
- Block Social Mobility
- Block Social Mobility
- Destroy Public Moral
- Opportunitism, Cynicism, Pessimism
- Opportunitism, Cynicism, Pessimism
- Hurt the Poor and Vulnerable
- Aggravate Social Unrest, Protests, Conflicts
- Aggravate Social Unrest, Protests, Conflicts
- Deprive People of Scarce Resources and Opportunities
- Cripple State's Function
and Legitimacy
- Economic
- Causes
- Economic
- Escape from High Taxes
- Lack of Competition
- Maintain Barriers to Trade
for Competitors
- Gain Economic Rent
- Gain Economic Rent
- Maintain Barriers to Trade
for Competitors
- Reduce Cost of Time of Doing Business
- Escape from High Taxes
- Political
- Legal
- Inconsistent and Incomplete Laws
- Light Punishment
- Light Punishment
- Discriminatory Enforcement
- Inconsistent and Incomplete Laws
- Bureaucratic
- Excessive Red Tapes
- Increase cost of processing
and doing paperwork
- Increase cost of processing
and doing paperwork
- Lack of Accountability
- Low Salary of Officials
- Excessive Red Tapes
- Institutional
- Get Votes
- Weak Civil Liberties
- Lack of Press Freedom
- Lack of Press Freedom
- Lack of Transparency
- Get Votes
- Legal
- Economic
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