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Beschreibung
Mindmap von Rhianna Sangha, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Rhianna Sangha
vor mehr als 4 Jahre
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Landscapes of the U.K
- Rock Types
- Metamorphic Rocks
- Characteristics
- They are rocks that are
changed due to
heat/pressure
- Usually formed from layers or
bands of crystals that are very
hard
- Resistant to erosion
- They are rocks that are
changed due to
heat/pressure
- How are they formed?
- Earth movements can sometimes cause rocks
to be deeply buried or squeezed. They are put
under a lot of pressure and heat, they DO NOT
melt but they change chemically
- They can be formed from
sedimentary or igneous rocks
- Earth movements can sometimes cause rocks
to be deeply buried or squeezed. They are put
under a lot of pressure and heat, they DO NOT
melt but they change chemically
- Examples
- Slate
- Marble
- Slate
- Characteristics
- Igneous Rocks
- How are they formed?
- Magma from inside the Earth erupts and cools on
the surface of the Earth- extrusive rocks. Or magma
cools inside the Earth to form intrusive rock which
may be exposed to weather and erosion later. As
the magma cools it forms rocks made of crystals.
- Magma from inside the Earth erupts and cools on
the surface of the Earth- extrusive rocks. Or magma
cools inside the Earth to form intrusive rock which
may be exposed to weather and erosion later. As
the magma cools it forms rocks made of crystals.
- Examples
- Basalt
- Granite
- Basalt
- Characteristics
- More resistant and doesn't erode easily
- Contains randomly arranged
interlocking crystals. The crystal
size depends on how long it took
to cool, the slower the rate of
cooling the larger the crystals
- They do not contain fossils
- More resistant and doesn't erode easily
- How are they formed?
- Sedimentary Rocks
- Characteristics
- Contain rounded grains
in layers. The oldest
layers are at the bottom
and the youngest are at
the top.
- May contain fossils of animals
and plants from when the
sediments formed
- Erodes more
easily
- Contain rounded grains
in layers. The oldest
layers are at the bottom
and the youngest are at
the top.
- Examples
- Mudstone
- Shale
- Mudstone
- How are they formed?
- Sediments get transported and
deposited these include rocks and
skeletons. These sediments get
compacted and compressed, due to
this pressure, sedimentary rock is
formes
- This is called Lithification
- This is called Lithification
- Sediments get transported and
deposited these include rocks and
skeletons. These sediments get
compacted and compressed, due to
this pressure, sedimentary rock is
formes
- Characteristics
- Metamorphic Rocks
- Weathering
- What is the Coast?
- The coast is a narrow zone
that connects the land and
see, the coastline sometimes
changes due to weathering.
- The coast is a narrow zone
that connects the land and
see, the coastline sometimes
changes due to weathering.
- What is weathering
- Weathering is the breaking down of
minerals or rocks on the Earth’s surface this
could happen because of chemical, physical
or biological reactions taken place.
- Weathering is the breaking down of
minerals or rocks on the Earth’s surface this
could happen because of chemical, physical
or biological reactions taken place.
- The three main types of weathering
- Mechanical: Freeze-Thaw weathering
is when water gets into cracks of
rocks. It then freezes and expands and
then the process starts again during
the process fragments of rocks may
fall off
- Chemical: Rain water is slightly
acidic and reacts with certain rock
types. Limestone is made of
carbonates and will disintegrate in
acid.
- Biological: This weathering occurs
because of plants or animals.
Plant roots or burrowing animals
can break up rocks
- Mechanical: Freeze-Thaw weathering
is when water gets into cracks of
rocks. It then freezes and expands and
then the process starts again during
the process fragments of rocks may
fall off
- What can affect weathering?
- The structure of the
rock: (how soluble or
stable it is.)
- The climate of the area: heat
speeds up a chemical reaction so in
warm, humid climates chemical
weathering is more common. In
cold, dry climates physical
weathering is more common.
- Human
Activity:
Pollution
- The structure of the
rock: (how soluble or
stable it is.)
- What is the Coast?
- Mass Movement
- Slumping
- Rain seeps through permeable rock.
At the junction where permeable
rock reaches the impermeable rock,
the saturated soil and the weaker
rock slump in a rotational manner
along a curved surface.
- Rain seeps through permeable rock.
At the junction where permeable
rock reaches the impermeable rock,
the saturated soil and the weaker
rock slump in a rotational manner
along a curved surface.
- Sliding
- The movement of material occurs along a
flat surface, usually a bedding plane. Large
amounts of rock and soil can move
downslope rapidly and can cause a lot of
damage.
- The movement of material occurs along a
flat surface, usually a bedding plane. Large
amounts of rock and soil can move
downslope rapidly and can cause a lot of
damage.
- Rock Fall
- A sudden form of mass movement.
Fragments of weathered rock from the
cliff face fall under gravity and collect at
the base.
- A sudden form of mass movement.
Fragments of weathered rock from the
cliff face fall under gravity and collect at
the base.
- Slumping
- Coastal Erosion
- Hydraulic Action
- The sheer power of the waves as they
smash against the cliff. Air becomes
trapped in the cracks in the rock and
causes the rock to break apart.
- The sheer power of the waves as they
smash against the cliff. Air becomes
trapped in the cracks in the rock and
causes the rock to break apart.
- Abrasion
- This is when pebbles grind
along a rock platform, much
like sandpaper. Over time the
rock becomes smooth and
round.
- This is when pebbles grind
along a rock platform, much
like sandpaper. Over time the
rock becomes smooth and
round.
- Solution
- This is when seawater
dissolves certain types of
rocks. In the UK, chalk and
limestone cliffs are prone
to this type of erosion.
- This is when seawater
dissolves certain types of
rocks. In the UK, chalk and
limestone cliffs are prone
to this type of erosion.
- Attrition
- This is when rocks that the
sea is carrying knock against
each other. They break apart
to become smaller and
more rounded.
- This is when rocks that the
sea is carrying knock against
each other. They break apart
to become smaller and
more rounded.
- Hydraulic Action
Medienanhänge
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