Concepts

Concepts

Definitions
1. What are concepts?
  1. Concepts and Cognition
    1. Memory, Recognition, Language, Reasoning
  2. Theories
    1. Classical view
      1. Overview
        Common properties are all it needs (Hull 1920, Bruner et al 1956)
        All or none
        Similarity
      2. Evaluation
        Typicality (Rosch 1973)
        Borderline cases
        Intransivity (Hampton 1982)
    2. Prototype view
      1. Overview
        Concepts organised around central prototype
        Items similarity to prototype
        Weighting of properties
      2. Evaluation
        Accounts for typicality
        Sensitive to context
        Changable v stable
        Complex concepts
        What is similar and dissimilar
    3. Common-sense theory
      1. Overview
        Large knowledge structure
        Explanation based (Murphy & Medin)
        Role to explain behaviour
      2. Evaluation
        + age related change in children's categorisation
        Unclear what constitutes a theory
        Unclear about complex concepts
    4. Psychological essentialism
      1. Overview
        try explaining deeper explanatory printicples
        Essential properties
      2. Evaluation
        acknowledge importance of essential properties
        Mixed empirical support
    5. Why no single agreed theory?
      1. Categorisation may not be a single process
      2. Different theories may explain different types of categories
      3. People categorise per their needs and experience
      4. Not all concepts the same (defined/fuzzy)
2. What are categories?
  1. Function of categorisation (Bruner et al 1956)
  2. How categorisation is studied?
    1. Techniques

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