B6b Summary

B6b Summary

Stages of an infectious disease
1. 1. Entry
  1. microbe enters body
    1. through mouth, nose or cracks in skin
2. 2. Growth
  1. microbe begins to use body to supply conditions
    1. it needs for growth e.g. food, warmth & moisture
3. 3. Incubation Period
  1. pathogens begin to reproduce rapidly
    1. producing large numbers
4. 4. Toxin Production
  1. as they grow & reproduce pathogens produce waste products
    1. which are often toxic
      1. high levels of toxin make the body feel unwell
5. 5. Symptoms
  1. different pathogens produce different toxins
    1. resulting in different sypmtoms
      1. which can be identified by doctors to diagnose disease
transmission & prevention
1. Food
  1. e.g. food poisoning (E Coli)
  2. Only eat food before best before date
  3. cook food properly
2. Water
  1. e.g. cholera (vibrio)
  2. filter & treat water before comsumption
3. Contact
  1. e.g. chicken pox
  2. avoid using same things
    1. (general contact)
4. Airborne droplets
  1. e.g. influenza
  2. "Catch it, bin it, kill it."
natural disasters as a cause (damage to...)
1. sewage systems
  1. would leak & contaminate water supplies
    1. could contract water-borne diseases
2. water supplies
  1. cut off supply of clean water
    1. have to drink contaminated water
3. electrical supplies
  1. food can't be kept in refrigerated conditions
    1. food would spoil & cause food poisoning
4. disrupted health services
  1. no medicine or doctors to diagnose
    1. people more susceptible
      1. to quickly spreading uncontrolled diseases
Scientists
1. Alexander Fleming
  1. 1881-1955
  2. discovered a mould called PENICILLIN
    1. produced a chemical that killed bacteria
      1. grew on one of his agar plates
  3. WW2: scientists able to make enough
    1. to give to patient & cure them
  4. first ANTIBIOTIC
    1. (drug that killed bacteria)
2. Louis Pasteur
  1. 1822-1895
  2. proved that decay was caused by microorganisms
    1. in the air
  3. explained microbes entering body caused disease
  4. if we could stop them entering we would prevent illness
  5. his ideas known as GERM THEORY
3. Joseph Lister
  1. 1827-1912
  2. developed idea of ANTISEPTICS
    1. solutions that kill microbes
  3. surgeon, sprayed instruments with carbolic acid
    1. killed microbes on instruments
      1. reduced postoperative infections
  4. many types of antiseptics used today
    1. safer than acids used by Lister
    2. kill bacteria on skin & other surfaces
      1. reduces spread of microbes & number of infections

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