New Testament Religious Parties

Joseph. wrote about all of them
1. Was a Pha.
  1. Therefore biased
PHARISEES
1. Name meant 'separate one'
2. Strict observers of the Law
3. Ezra (Pha) redefined Judaism after Exile (Ezra7:10)
  1. Schaper thinks this is a myth
    1. Thinks they developed in the Hellenistic period
      1. People had more time to think and question religious authorities
4. Responsible for synagogue movement
5. Sought to be pure and holy in everyday life
6. Try to obey every Law entirely
7. Concentrated with spiritual purity
  1. Associated with clean people
  2. They did not insist everyone should follow purity Laws
8. Mishnah states that grapes from a graveyard were unclean
  1. If done, then the harvest would be impure
9. Leviticus 19:2 : ‘You shall be holy, for I the Lord your God am holy’
  1. However purity may have been a reaction against R.Occ
    1. If they stuck to religious Laws it shows them being unaffected by R.Rule
    2. Or if they clung to religious Laws then G would drive the R. out!
10. Had an extra 'Oral Law'
  1. Provided commentary on OT
  2. Saw it as a guide to everyday living
ESSENES
1. Hardly referenced to before the DSS
2. Began in 152BCE
3. Appointed their own HP
4. 2 TYPES OF ESSENES
  1. Lived in towns
  2. Completely split from society
  3. Gave all their possessions away
  4. Celibate
  5. Monk-like
    1. Lived on the shore of the DSea
  6. Only ever 200 at a time
  7. Were not Celibate
  8. Believed 'the end is nigh'
    1. Believed that G would appoint them as people of G and destroy their enemies
5. Saw themselves as true Israel
6. They were 'sons of light'
  1. Other Jews were 'sons of darkness'
7. 'Bathe themselves in cold water...' - Joseph.
8. OBSESSED with purity
  1. Extended rituals to everyday life
  2. Bathed twice a day, before every meal
  3. NO WINE - forbidden in the Temple
9. Purity was a ‘badge of membership’ NT Wright
10. NO FREE WILL
  1. Believed in predestination
  2. However members were seen as volunteers
11. 2 Messiahs
  1. Messiah of Israel
    1. Warrior
  2. Messiah of Aaron
    1. Priestly
12. No mention of Israel
13. Eternal life for themselves
  1. Damnation for others
14. Rejected the Temple
  1. The Sadd. had corrupted it
  2. The community functioned as a Temple
  3. Worship acted as sacrifice
  4. HOWEVER THIS WAS TEMP
    1. When their enemies were defeated G would create a new Temple
      1. Would be the size of Israel
        It would be made from Gold and Jewels
        They even had a blueprint
15. The Law
  1. Enforced Sabbath Laws (Law of Moses)
  2. No work or talk of work on Sabbath
  3. Servants could not carry your children
  4. No perfume
16. Influence?
  1. Had none, and didn't want any
SADDUCEES
ZEALOTS

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New Testament Religious Parties

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