2761787
Beschreibung
Mindmap von douglas.white, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von douglas.white
vor mehr als 9 Jahre
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Physiology- Sports supplements
- Creatine supplements
- Increases creatine levels in the muscle cells= more energy available
- Improves maximal strength and lean muscle mass
- Used by variety of athletes including sprinters and weightlifters
- Side effects include diarrhoea, muscle cramps, bloating
and weight gain
- Increases creatine levels in the muscle cells= more energy available
- Protein supplements
- Useful for athletes who are training heavily
- Muscle growth and repair
- Useful for athletes who are training heavily
- Herbal remedies
- Claim to reduce body fat, increase energy and body
mass and increase hormones
- Can have adverse reactions or even be tested positive to
banned substances
- Claim to reduce body fat, increase energy and body
mass and increase hormones
- Bicarbonate of soda
- pH of blood increases= more alkaline, reducing
the effects of lactic acid
- Side effects include bloating, diarrhoea
and nausea
- pH of blood increases= more alkaline, reducing
the effects of lactic acid
- Caffeine
- Mild stimulant
- Reduces perception of muscle fatigue
- Good for endurance performers
- Side effects include dehydration and
muscle and abdominal cramps
- Mild stimulant
- EPO
- Mimics the body's naturally occurring hormone EPO-
stimulates RBC production in bone marow
- Used by endurance athletes
- Enhances oxygen carrying capacity of the blood
- Side effects: increases blood viscosity=
blood clots and heart failure, also
hinders production of natural EPO
- Mimics the body's naturally occurring hormone EPO-
stimulates RBC production in bone marow
- Anabolic steroids
- Synthetic hormone related to testosterone
- Used by strength and power performers
- Facilitates storage of protein and
growth of muscle mass
- Able to train harder and recover quicker
- Side effects include liver damage, heart failure, increased
aggression, mood swings and male features developing in
females
- Synthetic hormone related to testosterone
- Human growth hormones
- Synthetic hormone that mimics the body's
growth hormone that facilitates protein
synthesis and increases lean muscle mass
- Improved strength, increased bone density and decrease in
body fat (caused by increased metabolic activity)
- Side effects include enlargement of internal organs= high
blood pressure, increased risk of some cancers
- Synthetic hormone that mimics the body's
growth hormone that facilitates protein
synthesis and increases lean muscle mass
- Beta blockers
- Lowers metabolic activity, reduces heart rate and
blood pressure, helps to steady nerves and stop
trembling
- Used in archery/snooker
- Side effects of low blood pressure and chronic fatigue
- Lowers metabolic activity, reduces heart rate and
blood pressure, helps to steady nerves and stop
trembling
- Water and electrolyte balance
- recommended that performers should drink 150-200ml
of water every 20 mins during competition
- Sports drinks are used to maintain blood glucose and
replace lost fluids and electrolytes
- Sodium, potassium and chlorine are
electrolytes, maintains rate of exchange of
nutrients and waste products
- If dehydrated, blood becomes more viscous= heart beats faster.
- Failure to maintain electrolyte balance can lead to fatigue and cramps
- Too much water can lead to hyponatremia- can lead to swelling of the brain
- recommended that performers should drink 150-200ml
of water every 20 mins during competition
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