Vikings

Vikings

Who, When, Where
1. Image=
  1. brutal
  2. Pagan
  3. Cruel
  4. plundering barbarians
  5. blonde/red hair
  6. long hair
  7. warriors
2. 800CE-1066CE
3. in Scandinavia
Viking society
2. Men
  1. coming of age 12
  2. jobs
    1. boatbuilder
      1. farmer
        blacksmith
        artisan
        chief/nobel
        king
  3. all free men had a vote
  4. Most men were warriors
    1. was a noble duty
3. Children
  1. brought up to take parents role
  2. girls=sewing, farming
  3. boys=warriors, craftsmen, farmer
4. Women
  1. no vote
  2. allowed a divorce
  3. shield maidens
5. Farms
  1. farmland wasnt fertile
  2. oats, barley, peas, beans
  3. hunted fish, reindeer, bears
6. Government
  1. Free men assembly at the Thing
    1. on laws/policies
      1. or discussed general issues
        Then voted on actions to occur in community
        This was reported to the king or chief
Religion
1. Norse mythology
2. Polytheistic
3. Myths which explained the world
4. When you died you would go to Hel
  1. Unless you died in battle
    1. Then you would go to Vallhulla
      1. In Asgard
        The magical place were the gods lived above midgard
        Here you would train for the battle at the end of the world
        Spend days training and nights feasting
  2. In the underworld
5. Gods had emotions and stories and marriages
  1. Odin=father of the gods + Fjorgyn
    1. Thor=god of thunder + Sif=goddess of war
    2. Bragi+Idun=goddess of spring
      1. Freya
        Goddess of beauty and love
      2. Frey
        Goddess of feritlity
    3. Loki=god of mischief +Angroboda
      1. Hel
      2. Jormungandr
      3. Fenrir
Longships
1. Keel
  1. backbone
    1. allowed ships to be shallow, wide
      1. Better in rough waves
        made it lighter
2. Clinker construction
  1. overlapping planks
    1. wood
      1. waterproofing
3. Sail
  1. wool
    1. coated with animal fat
      1. protects sail from salty air
        could lower sail
        turn boat into right direction
4. Steering oar
  1. connected to sail
    1. moves sail
      1. moves boat
5. oars
  1. row
    1. makes
      1. speed
      2. better direction
      3. get closer to shore
        and leave faster
6. Types
  1. Knarr
    1. merchant ships
    2. long voyage ships
    3. wider, more space
  2. Longship
    1. military uses
Lindisfarne
1. Seen as beginning of Viking Age
2. First major raid
3. 798CE
4. 3 ships from Norway attacked moastry
  1. took monks for slaves
    1. took treasures for own wealth
5. Monks only ones to create sources
  1. created brutal, pagan, animal like view of Vikings
Raiders, Traders or Settlers
2. Motives
  1. Raiding
    1. Desired revenge against Christians
      1. Desire to die in battle
        Greed- stealing riches from monastries
        Knew they could win
  2. Trading
    1. Set up merchant towns
      1. Driven by desire to sell wool, skins, tuscks
  3. Settling
    1. Population growth-needed more land
      1. Land was not fertile
        Famine
        try to discover places as fame came with it
3. How could they go so far?
  1. Skilled ship builders
    1. Intimate knowledge of the sea
      1. Good navigators
        Different purposes for different ships
Timeline
1. 789CE- First recorded raid on England
  1. 793CE- Raid on Lindisfarne
    1. 789-819CE- Vikings control North/Eastern England
      1. 886CE- Alfred the Great established peace treatey
        Vikings only allowed in the Danelaw
        Prosperity and peace but decline in power and new attacks by the Danish on Vikings
        Vikings become more english
        910CE- Alfred's son Edward controls the Danelaw
        1013- Svein was King
        1016-1035- son Cnut was King
        1042- Edward the Confessor
        1066CE
        Harold Godwinson, earl of Wessex became King
        Norwegian Vikings led by Hardrada in the North
        Harold marches North for Battle of Standford Bridge where Vikings die and Harold wins
        Harold marches south and lose to William of Normandy
        no children
Legacies
1. Some English words come from Norse language such as
  1. Sky
    1. Anger
      1. Awkward
        cake
        die
        dirt
        Knife
        Law
        mistake
2. Viking Mythology has influenced books such as Lord of the rings
3. Evidence of Viking democracy is in English political systems

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