296698
Beschreibung
Mindmap von lynda_ashford_25, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von lynda_ashford_25
vor etwa 11 Jahre
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Theories of Developmental Psychology
- Examines psychological changes in organisms across their lifespans.
- Equifinality-
different
factors
lead to
similar
outcomes
- Multifinality-
the same
factor will
express
differently in
different
individuals
- Folk Approach-
children are just like
adults in the way
they think and act.
They therefore
need severe
punishment to
teach them.
- Psychodynamic
Approach- id is the
pleasure principles and
the superego gives rise
to conscience and moral
standards. This
influences us (our ego).
Conflict in these areas
can result in neurotic
activity leading to
defence mechanisms
such as sublimination
(catharsis) or
repression.
- Behavourism-
classical
condition (Pavlov,
Watson) and
operant
conditioning
(Skinner).
Behaviours that
are rewarded are
increased and
anxiety/phobias
are merely
avoidant
behaviours that
are reinforced.
- Piagetian Cognitivist
Approach- two central
processes are assimilation
(assimilate the new using
what we know) and
accomodation (we change
our beliefs and schema to
accommodate new
information) and both word
together throughout the
four stages of Piaget's
development.
- Social Cogntivist
Approach-
observational
learning (Bandura)
focuses on how
children learn
through observing
others and cognition
is essential to the
development of
phobias and anxiety.
- Biological
Approach-
cognition is a
neural state
that occurs in
the brain.
- Equifinality-
different
factors
lead to
similar
outcomes
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