Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Psychology
- is
- Scientific
study of the
mind and
behavior
- uses
- Empirical method
- its goal
- *predict behavior
*understand its causes
- beginnings
- Philosophy
- Physiology
- its most important questions
- Nature vs. nurture
- What is more influencial, genes or the environment?
- Free will vs. determination
- To what extent can people
control their own actions?
- Accuracy vs. inaccuracy
- To what extent can we process the
information from the world correctly?
- Conscious vs. unconscious
processing
- To what extent are we aware of
our actions and decisions?
- Differences vs. similarities
- Are people generally the same
or are they influenced by
many factors in different
ways?
- Schools of thought
- Structuralism
- Important contributors
- Wundt, Titchener
- Description
- Uses introspection to analyze
and classify our experiences
- Functionalism
- Important contributors
- James
- Description
- Studies behavior and how it
helps people live in their
environment
- Psychodynamic
- Important contributors
- Freud, Jung
- Description
- Focuses on the role of unconscious
thought, feelings and memories, placing
importance on our childhood
experiences
- Behaviorism
- Important contributors
- Watson, Skinner
- Description
- Its study is limited to
behaviors, given that it is
impossible to objectively study the
mind
- Humanistic
- Important contributors
- Rogers, Maslow
- Description
- Focuses on the power of free will
and self determination that drives a
person towards self-actualization
- Cognitive
- Important contributors
- Ebbinghaus, Piaget
- Description
- Focuses on mental
processes, like memory, thinking
and perception
- Social-cultural
- Important contributors
- Festinger, Heider
- Description
- Focuses on how social situations and
culture influence a person's behavior