3515199
Beschreibung
Mindmap von Vicky Papadopoulos, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Vicky Papadopoulos
vor mehr als 9 Jahre
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Acidic Environment
- 1. Indicators
- Classification of common substances
- Litmus, phenolphthalein, methyl
orange & bromothymol blue
- Everyday uses of indicators
- Range of colour changes
- EXPERIMENT: Prepare & test a natural indicator
- EXPERIMENT: Classifying household substances
- Classification of common substances
- 2. Acidic Oxides
- Oxides of non-metals acting as acids
- Position of acidic/basic oxides in Periodic Table
- Le Chatelier's principle
- Factors which affect equilibrium
- Factors which affect equilibrium
- Solubility of carbon dioxide in water
- Natural & industrial sources of SO2 and NOx
- Environmental impact
- Evidence of increase in acidic oxides in the atmosphere
- Environmental impact
- Calculating volume of gases
- EXPERIMENT: Decarbonating soft drink
- EXPERIMENT: Decarbonating soft drink
- Formation & effects
of acid rain
- Oxides of non-metals acting as acids
- 3. Acids occur everywhere
- Acids = proton donors + ionisation of acids in water
- Acetic, citric, HCl & sulfuric acid
- Use of pH scale
- Calculating pH
- EXPERIMENT: Use of pH meters
- EXPERIMENT: Use of pH meters
- Strengths of equal concentrations of
acids in terms of degree of ionisation
- EXPERIMENT: Calculating pH
- EXPERIMENT: Calculating pH
- Difference between strong & weak acid
- Use of acids as food additives
- Naturally occurring acids & bases
- Acids = proton donors + ionisation of acids in water
- 4. History of acids
- Lavoisier, Davy & Arrhenius
- Bronsted-Lowry theory
- Conjugate acids & bases
- Salts which form acidic, basic or neutral solutions
- EXPERIMENT: Calculating pH
of salt solutions
- EXPERIMENT: Calculating pH
of salt solutions
- Amphiprotic substances
- Neutralisation = exothermic reaction
- Correct technique for titrations
- EXPERIMENT: Titrations +
Preparing standard solutions
- EXPERIMENT: Titrations +
Preparing standard solutions
- Effect of buffers
- Use of neutralisation reactions as a safety measure
- Lavoisier, Davy & Arrhenius
- 5. Esterification
- Functional groups of alkanol & alkanoic acids
- Difference in m.p. & b.p. of alkanols & alkanoic acids
- Esterification = reaction between an acid & alkanol
- EXPERIMENT: Prepare an ester
- EXPERIMENT: Prepare an ester
- Purpose of using acid as a catalyst
- Need for refluxing
- Examples of occurrence, production & uses of esters
- Uses of esters as
flavours & perfumes
- Uses of esters as
flavours & perfumes
- Functional groups of alkanol & alkanoic acids
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