Nasser has enemies

delusion
1. causes
  1. Genetic / Biological / Environmental / Psychological factors
2. types
  1. Erotomanic / Grandiose / Jealous / Persecutory / Somatic / Mixed
3. People who have it can’t tell what’s real from what is imagined.
hallucinations vs delusion
1. Hallucinations can be auditory, visual, taste, olfactory / they appear to be real but only exist in your mind
2. Delusions: An unshakeable belief that something is true despite facts pointing to the contrary. Clearly false and indicates to abnormalities in the person’s thoughts
Social and cultural beliefs on mental illness
1. The experience and manifestation of mental illness are influenced by an individual's social and cultural background. It can determine how individuals communicate their symptoms, influence their understanding of their illness, and determine the coping strategies they adopt and the type of interventions they seek
Persecutory delusions
1. definition
  1. Persecutory delusions are persistent, troubling, false beliefs that one is about to be harmed or mistreated by others in some way.
    1. examples of persecutory delusions
Schizophrenia
1. Schizophrenia is a serious psychiatric disorder that affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves.
  1. People with schizophrenia can lose touch with reality, due to experiencing delusions, hallucinations and thought disorder.
2. Symptoms of schizophrenia
  1. Positive symptoms / Negative symptoms / Cognitive symptoms / Mood symptoms
Presentation of Schizophrenia
1. delusions / hallucinations / Disorganized thinking (speech) / Extremely disorganized or abnormal motor behavior / Negative symptoms
Causes and Risk Factors of Schizophrenia
1. genetic and family history
2. environmental factors
3. early disruptions
4. Neurochemicals
  1. Imbalances in certain chemicals, including dopamine, glutamate, and serotonin, have been linked to schizophrenia
5. drug abuse
  1. drugs are: Cannabis, Cocaine, LSD, Amphetamines
Mental state examination for Schizophrenia
1. what to look at?
DSM-V Schizophrenia
1. Two or more of these symptoms must be present for at least one month (Can be less if being successfully treated) And at least one symptom must be 1. 2. or 3.
  1. Hallucinations / Delusions (Bizarre or not) / Disorganized speech / Grossly disorganized behavior / Negative symptoms
Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia
1. Neurodevelopmental hypothesis
  1. Affected individuals have motor and cognitive problems which precede the onset of the illness.
2. Neurotransmission alteration
MANAGEMENT OF SCHIZOPHRENIA – ANTIPSYCHOTICS & LITHIUM
1. antipsychotics
2. lithium
  1. Mood Stabilizer / Treat bipolar disorder, the acute manic episode and to prevent relapse / Inhibits phosphoinositol pathway
Epidemiology of schizophrenia
1. Schizophrenia affects approximately 24 million people or 1 in 300 people (0.32%) worldwide. Onset is most often during late adolescence and the twenties, and onset tends to happen earlier among men than among women.

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Nasser has enemies

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