Problems caused by rapid urbanisation in developing countries

Environmental
1. Water Pollution
  1. Particularly in slum areas. rivers are used as bins for rubbish and human waste.. This kills animals and destroys habitats, having a tragic affect on biodiversity.
  2. Water pipes often run close to open sewers and cracks in the pipes mean that many areas of developing cities (particularly the slum areas) suffer with contaminated water causing water borne illness that spreads like wildfire in the overpopulated dirty streets.
2. Traffic Congestion
  1. Traffic congestion is a problem in most cities however, in developing cities, cars often have to compete with pedestrians and animals for space. Due to small or non existent pavements, accidents happen often.
  2. Due to the cost, many cars in developing cities are not equipped with up to date equipment designed to limit their effect on the environment. This causes high levels of air pollution leading to illnesses such as lung disease and asthma.
3. Air Pollution
  1. Inefficient cars cause massive pollution in developing cities.
  2. Factories in developing countries are often not monitored which mean they are able to release toxic fumes without any restrictions. This means that areas around factories are often contaminated with thick smog, filling the air, making it very unsafe to breathe.
Economic
1. Jobs
  1. A lack of education and skills mean that slum dwellers are not suitable for most jobs so they have to settle with jobs that provide very little pay for very long hours.
  2. People coming to developing cities often struggle to find work as, there are so many people moving to the cities that there are not enough jobs for all of them.
  3. People often have many children with the hope that one will fulfill their education (the majority of slum dwellers drop out of school at an early age) and obtain a job. However this just increases the problem as the demand for resources grows.
2. Land Cost
  1. people moving to developing cities often have no money to buy housing, To solve this problem, they set up slums on land that doesn't belong to them. However, these slums are often unpleasant, dirty places run by gangs. This lowers the and cost in the area as it is made less desirable.
  2. Degredation of these areas obviously makes them less desirable for tourists to visit causing tourists numbers to drop, having a knock on effect on the economy.
Social
1. Crime
  1. Due to the high levels of poverty in developing cities,, people turn to theft to get food and other essential possessions,
  2. Slums are often run by gangs who are responsible for the circulation of drugs and increase in violence. Many people turn to drug dealing to get enough money to support their families.
  3. Because the slums are illegal, crimes go unpunished as the area is not policed, like the rest of the city. Law enforcement officers are also reluctant to enter the slums due to the massive influence of gangs.
2. Health
  1. Waterborne illnesses such as cholera and typhoid are caused by poor sewers that leak into the water pipes.
  2. Air pollution causes illnesses such as asthma and lung cancer.
  3. Due to the condition of the streets, illness spreads incredibly quickly in developing cities causing mass outbreaks where children and babies are most vulnerable.
  4. Many families cannot afford medical or the cost of travel to get it. This means illnesses often go undiagnosed and untreated.
3. Housing
  1. Many people cannot afford housing, when they move to developing cities, so they build their own houses with random materials they can find. This often means the houses are unsafe to live in and are particularly vulnerable to weather,
4. Families
  1. The strain of living in slums is often too much for families and many couples break up because of it.
  2. Stress on family relationships often causes children to leave their homes and live on the streets , making them particularly vulnerable to illness and crime.

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Problems caused by rapid urbanisation in developing countries

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