Attribution Theory

A body of research into the way students understand their success or failure, usually in terms of ability, effort, task difficulty and luck.
3 Dimensions
1. Locus of control
  1. The extent to which people believe they have power over the events in their life
    1. the cause of success or failure originates because of factors within us or in the environment (internal vs. external)
2. Stability
  1. Continuing without change; permanent
    1. factors (like luck or skills) that affect our behavior over time (stable vs. unstable)
3. Controllability
  1. To have command or power over
    1. cause of success/failure something that we have or do not have control over (controllable vs uncontrollable)
4 Factors(Can be both negative or positive)
1. Ability(High Nach*Self-efficacy*respond better to praise)
  1. a relatively internal and stable factor over which the learner does not exercise much control
    1. Internal
    2. Stable
    3. Uncontrollable
  2. Examples
    1. Positive eg. The student is very gifted and talent, and he or she always gets a high score in most of subjects.
    2. Negative eg. The student is very stupid in some ways, and this is a kind of characteristic that he or she cannot change, so he or she can only gain a lower score.
2. Effort(High Nach*Self-efficacy*respond better to praise*can help us to change attributions<De charms>)
  1. internal & unstable factor over which the learner can exercise a great deal of control
    1. Internal
    2. Unstable
    3. Controllable
  2. Examples
    1. Positive eg. The student makes an effort to his or her psychology subject and he or she gets a very good ressult in this subject finally.
    2. Negative eg. The student is very hard-working, but he or she still keep failing the exams.
3. Luck(Low Nach*Learned helplessness*DWeck)
  1. external & unstable factor over which the learner exercises very little control
    1. External
    2. Unstable
    3. Uncontrollable
  2. Examples
    1. Positive eg. Fortunately, this copy of exam paper or task is quite easy to answer or finish.
    2. Negative eg. Unfortunately, this time, the test is very diffifult and student cannot complete it.
4. Task difficulty(Low Nach)
  1. an external & stable factor that is largely beyond the learner’s control
    1. External
    2. Stable
    3. Uncontrollable
  2. Examples
    1. Positive eg. The students find the queations on the test paper are easy to answer.
    2. Negative eg. The questions teachers set are too difficult for students to answer.

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Attribution Theory

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