MORPHOLOGY

MORPHOLOGY

Mental system involved in the word formation
1. First main part
  1. Derivation: Builds new words by adding morphemes to roots by affixation
    1. Prefixes: Go before the root
      1. eg. English prepositions and adverbials
    2. Suffixes: Go after the root
      1. Suffixes forming nouns
      2. Suffixes forming verbs
      3. Suffixes forming adjectives
    3. Infixes: Segmental strings that go in somewhere in the middle of the root
    4. Circumfixes: Consists of a prefix and a suffix that apply to the root simultaneously
  2. Compounding: The process of putting two words together to build a new one
    1. Compound verbs
    2. Compound adverbs
    3. Compound adjectives
    4. Compound nouns
      1. Exocentric compounds
      2. Endocentric compounds
      3. Appositival compounds
      4. Copulative compounds
  3. Conversion: Derivational process whereby an item changes its word class without adding any affix
2. Unpredictable formations
  1. Clipping : Means cutting off the beginning or end of a word
  2. Blending: It's the fusion of two words in one
  3. Acronyms: Words derived from the initials of serveral words
  4. Initialism: Pronounced as a sequece of letters
3. Borrowing: Process of borrowing words from foreign languages
4. Calque: Process of translating literaly the roots of a borrowed word, then, put them together to form a new one
5. Neologism/ Coinage: Process of inventing entirely new words
6. Onomatopoeia: Words which name is associated to their sound
Studies the internal structure of words
1. Word: The smallest independent unit of language
2. Morpheme: The smallest linguistic piece with a grammatical function
  1. Free morphemes
  2. Bound morphemes

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