Zusammenfassung der Ressource
The French Revolution
Anmerkungen:
- Keywords:
-Revolution (violence/structural changes)
-Napoleon Bonaparte
-Napoleonic Empire
-Spanish War of Independence
- The beggining of the Modern Age
Anmerkungen:
- Reason: Enlightened despots failed
- Changes were violently imposed
- Ancient Regime ended in France
- New reforms were made
- New Habits were introduced
- People changed their customes
- Names and months of the year were changed
Anmerkungen:
- They were changd on September so their calendar wasn't like our calendar.
- Causes of the French Revolution
Anmerkungen:
- Period of violent political and social changes.
Abolition of monarchy and end of the estates system.
- Influence of the Enlightment
Anmerkungen:
- French intellectuals and Bourgeoisie supported Enlightment ideas. They thoguht that the French subjects should be free and equal under the law
- Political crisis
- Clergy (1st Estate) 300 representatives 1 vote
- Nobility (2nd Estate) 300 representatives 1 vote
- Middle class and peasantry (3rd Estate) 600 representatives 1 vote
- They thought this way of voting was unfair for them
Anmerkungen:
- Why?
Because the clergy and the nobolity had the same ideas o when he Estates had to vote they will always win.
- King Louis XVI opposed meeing of the Estates General
- The estates of the realm couldn't present their demands
- Economical crisis
- France participation in military conflicts=bakrupt
Anmerkungen:
- For example the American War of Independence
- Royal family spent a lot of money
Anmerkungen:
- In palaces, luxury goods and parties.
- To improve -> Increasment of taxes for even the higher class
- Social crisis
- All the Estates were "against" the king
- Clergy and nobility
- wanted to protect their economical priviligies
Anmerkungen:
- They didn't want to pay taxes.
- Middle class and peasantry
- Bourgeoisie wanted to abolish absolute monarchy
Anmerkungen:
- because it didn't allow them to participate
- Petit bourgeoisie had economic problems
Anmerkungen:
- Because of wars and high taxes
- Peasantry also sufered economic problems
Anmerkungen:
- Also because of wars and high taxes.
- Major events
- National assembly
- Proposed a new voting system
- The king denied it
- Third Estate proclamated themselves true representatives of the nation
- Formed a National Assembly and demanded a constitution
- Constituent assembly
- 1st draft of the constitution
- Storming of Bastille
- Legal reform
- Declaration of Rights of Men and Citizens (DRMC)
- Abolition of feudal right
- Civil Constitution of the Clergy
- Jurors
Anmerkungen:
- Non jurors
Anmerkungen:
- Does not support the government
- Flight to Varemes
- Consecuences: Republicanism grew
- Tennis Court Oath
Anmerkungen:
- Oath=juramento
When they found their normal place where they got togheter closed and they went to a tennis court.
- New Constitution was passed
- Legislative assembly
- Constitution = new assembly
- 2 groups
- Girondist
- Leader: Bissot
- Male limited suffrage
- Burgeoisie
- Moderate
- Jacobins
- Leader: Robespierre
- Male Universal Suffrage
- Sans-culotte
- Radical
- Convention
- 2 stages
- Girondin
- Republican procamation
- Louis XVI was accused of treason
Anmerkungen:
- he was first in prison, then, after being judged he was guillotined.
- Republican calendar year 1-> 1792
- New war because of the king's execution
Anmerkungen:
- Thre was an international coalition to stop
- The spread of the Revlutionary ideas
- Internal counter revolution (La Vendée)
Anmerkungen:
- supported by monarchists, clergy and nobility
- Jacobin
- 12 members led by Robespierre
- "Terror" dictatorship->execuions of
- Marie Antoinette
- Girondists
- 45.000 more
- Government dealt with
- European War
- Internal Counter Revolution
- New laws
- Universal suffrage
- Prices controled
- 1794: Robespierre was removed from power