Zusammenfassung der Ressource
CARBOHYDRATES
& SUGARS
- Monosaccharides
- reducing sugars
- Properties
- sweet tasting
- soluble
- Benedict's Test
- forms red precipitate
of Copper (I) Oxide
- GLUCOSE
- 2 isomers
- Beta: Hydroxyl
group at top
- TIP: "It's Better so it's at the top"
- Alpha: Hydoxyl group
at bottom
- FRUCTOSE
- GALACTOSE
- Disaccharides
- MALTOSE
glucose + glucose
- SUCROSE
fructose + glucose
- LACTOSE
galactose + glucose
- Polysaccharides
- GLYCOGEN
- storage in animals
- very compact
- chain of alpha glucose joined
by 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds
- branched
- fast at hydrolysis to form
glucose for respiration
- CELLULOSE
- plant cell walls
- extremely strong
- microfibrils - chains of
cellulose held together
by hydrogen bonds
- long unbranched beta glucose
chain joined with beta 1,4
glycosidic bonds
- STARCH
- storage in plants
- AMYLOPECTIN
- branched
- easily hydrolysed to
provide glucose for
respiration
- glucoses joined by alpha 1,4 glycosidic
bonds and branches of alpha 1,6
glycosidic bonds
- stains deep blue in iodine
- AMYLOSE
- glucoses joined by alpha
1,4 glycosidic bonds
- forms alpha glucose helix
- 300 glucoses per helix
and 6 per turn
- very compact
- all
insoluble
- polymer
- HYDROLYSIS & CONDENSATION
- Splitting apart by
putting in water
- 'Gluing' together, water
being a by-product