Anti- and pro- natalist policies

China's One Child Policy - 1979
1. Why?
  1. After WW2, there were great fears of a severe famine in China
  2. The population was growing at an exponential rate
2. What was the original policy?
  1. Couples were restricted to just one child
    1. and they had to be sterilised after their first child or abort any future pregnancies
    2. As a reward, they were given a 5-10% salary increase
  2. Couples could not marry until their late 20s
  3. they were also given priority housing, pension and family benefits - incl. free education for the child
  4. The Granny Police
    1. Older, respected women supervise the community to make sure everyone keeps with the One Child Policy
3. Sanction
  1. 10% salary cut
    1. bankrupt many households
  2. Pay for education for both children + health care for the whole family
4. Problems
  1. Forced abortions in the first month of pregnancy
  2. Pressure on women
    1. Families
    2. Workmates
    3. The "Granny Police"
    4. Themselves
  3. Local officials + govt. had power over people's private lives
  4. Cultural preference of boys to girls
    1. Boys take the family name and look after parents in old age
    2. Some girls placed in orphanages or allowed to die
      1. Over 15 million orphans in China
        Mostly abandoned girls
  5. Not easy to enforce in rural areas
5. Benefits
  1. Famine predicted did not happen
  2. Population growth slowed sufficiently
    1. BR fell from 33.4 to 17
      1. 400 million fewer people born
    2. Enough food and jobs
  3. Increased technology and exploitation of resources
    1. Higher S of L
    2. New industries have lifted millions out of poverty
6. Changes to the policy - 1990s + 2000s
  1. Young, single child couples can have 2 children
  2. Young people are now responsible to 4 elderly parents
    1. No siblings to help
  3. Women can concentrate on careers
    1. Have achieved more
  4. Increased wealth
    1. Attitude to having a daughter has improved
    2. More people can break the rules and take the consequences
  5. Half the population live on less than $2 per day

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Anti- and pro- natalist policies

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	Erstellt von Ruth Armitage vor mehr als 11 Jahre