Zusammenfassung der Ressource
memory 1
- WMM
- Central Executive
- limited capacity
- Functions:
- Decides what working
memory pays
attention to
- involved in problem solving and
decision making
- allocates resources to the slave
systems depending on tasks
- Setting task goals
- co- ordinating
- Switching
attention between
tasks
- Phonological loop
- Limited capacity
- 2 seconds
- deals with auditory information
and preserves word order
- Articulatory control process- allows
maintenance rehearsal
- Visuo- spatial
sketch pad
- Visual= what things look like
- Spatial= relationships
between things
- Limited capacity= 3-4
objects
- Episodic Buffer
- Baddley added this as he realised the model
needed more general store
- Slave system deals with
specific types of information
- Extra storage system,as central
executive has no storage capacity
- Evaluation
- Strengths
- K.F. = Problem with recall of words, shows the
phonological loop was damage, however he was
fine with visual information
- brain imaging studies suggest that components of working
memory are related to different of the brain
- Pro-frontal cortex= activity in pro-frontal cortex
when the central executive is working
- Occipital loop= becomes active during
tasks which require the visuo- spatial
sketchpad
- Weaknesses
- Only focuses on STM
- The role played by the central
executive remains slightly
unclear
- MSM
- Sensory Register
- Info from the enviroment is recieved here
- 5 stores for the senses
- Function: sift through
incoming sensory
info, to stop
overloading
- STM
- Capacity= 5-9 items
- Duration= 18 seconds
- Information will decay if not
rehearsed
- Maintenance Rehearsal occurs when
we repeat material
- LTM
- information is moved from STM- LTM via
prolonged rehearsal
- Capacity= Unlimited
- Codes= semantically
- To recall information, has to be transferred
back to STM this is call retrieval
- Evaluation
- `strengths
- MRI scans can be used to
investigate the areas of the
brain
- K.F.= STM damaged, LTM normal, this
shows that they are different stores.
- Weaknesses
- Too simplistic= assumes there is 1 store for
STM and 1 for LTM
- Flashbulb memories= significant events stored in
LTM without any rehearsal
- Cognitive interview
- Geiselman et al (1985)
- Improve the effectiveness of police
interviews when questioning witnesses
- 4 Components
- Report everything
- Reinstatement of context
- Change Order
- Change Perspective
- Evaluation
- Strenghts
- Bekerian et al= found that the
cognitive interview provided
more accurate information
- Milne& bill: Combination of report
everything and Context
reinstatement produced better
recall than any other conditions.
- Weaknesses
- Takes too long to
complete
- Police don't use all of the 4 components as
the change of perspective, may make
participants think that they are being
asked to speculate the event.
- Not successful in
questioning children
under the age of 6
- Eye Witness Testimony
- Loftus & Palmer (1974)
- Car Crash
- 1) smashed 2) collided 3) bumped
4) Hit 5) contracted
- How fast were the cars
going when they ***** into
each other
- 1) 40.8 2) 39.3 3) 38.1 4)
34.0 5) 31.8
- Evaluation
- Strengths
- Can control the
extraneous variables
- Cause and effect
- Weaknesses
- Lacks internal validity
- Lacks ecological validity