Kolhberg

Stages of Gender Development
1. 1. Gender Identity
  1. Occurs during the the ages of 2 and 3
  2. Child understands that they are a boy or girl but believe that it can change later in life
2. 2. Gender Stability
  1. Occurs during the ages of 3 to 5
  2. Child understands that gender is fixed but believe it can change over situations
    1. E.g. when wearing opposite gender clothes
  3. Self-actualisation- child actively seeks out same sex role model and imitates them
3. 3. Gender Constancy
  1. Occurs during the ages of 5 to 7
  2. The child understands that gender is fixed over all situations
  3. Child now has developed gender appropriate schemas about; clothes, personalities, toys etc.
Evaluation
1. Strengths
  1. Acknowledges both nature and nurture
    1. Stages universal- stages are seen across cultures in the same order. Suggests a biological bases
    2. Takes into account environmental influences like observations and role models
2. Limitations
  1. Underestimates the cognitive ability of young children
Research
1. Munroe
  1. Aim: Investigate the Stages of Development in different cultures
  2. Study: studied 6 different cultures
  3. Findings: All 6 cultures showed all 3 stages in the same order
  4. Evaluation
    1. Provides support for the theory
    2. 6 cultures are not representative of the world
2. McConaghy
  1. Aim: Investigation into the Stages of Gender development
  2. Study: 3-4 year old children asked to identify the gender of a doll wearing transparent clothes, so based on genitals
  3. Findings: assumed gender based on clothes not genitals
  4. Evalutation:
    1. Provides support for the theory
    2. The findings are not absolute

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Kolhberg

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