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Chapter 12:
DNA
- Rosalind Franklin
- Studied DNA in 1950s
using advanced x-ray
technology
- Obtained detailed
image of DNA that
hinted at it's 3-D shape
- Studied DNA in 1950s
using advanced x-ray
technology
- James Watson and Francis Crick
- Worked off Franklin's x-ray images
and measurements to determine 3-D
model with double helix
- Worked off Franklin's x-ray images
and measurements to determine 3-D
model with double helix
- DNA: Deoxyribose
Nucleic Acid
- DNA is a polymer made of a long chain of
repeated monomers called nucleotides.
DNA has a shape of a double helix(spiral)
- Replication
- In Eukaryotic cells, DNA is folded tightly
to fit in the cell. A cell replicates its DNA
before the cell divides(Interphase).
- Why does the double helix model foe
DNA lend itself easily to replication?
- Each strand has all the info needed
to make the complementary strand
- Each strand has all the info needed
to make the complementary strand
- Steps in Replication
- 1) Enzymes unzip a molecule of
DNA by breaking hydrogen bonds
- 2) Separated strands serve as a
template(model) for 2 new
complementary strands
- 3) DNA polymerase joins individual nucleotides
to produce DNA and proofreads each new strand
- 3) DNA polymerase joins individual nucleotides
to produce DNA and proofreads each new strand
- 2) Separated strands serve as a
template(model) for 2 new
complementary strands
- 1) Enzymes unzip a molecule of
DNA by breaking hydrogen bonds
- In Eukaryotic cells, DNA is folded tightly
to fit in the cell. A cell replicates its DNA
before the cell divides(Interphase).
- DNA is a polymer made of a long chain of
repeated monomers called nucleotides.
DNA has a shape of a double helix(spiral)
- Nucleotide
- Phosphate
- Deoxyribose Sugar
- Nitrogenous Base
- Chargaff's Rule
- %A=%T
%C=%G
- The Code
- A= Adenine
T= Thymine
G= Guanine
C= Cytosine
- A= Adenine
T= Thymine
G= Guanine
C= Cytosine
- The Code
- %A=%T
%C=%G
- Chargaff's Rule
- Nitrogenous Base
- Deoxyribose Sugar
- Phosphate
- Telomeres - extra repeated sections of
DNA at the ends of chromosomes
- Telomeres aren't actual genes
- They protect important genes
- They get shorter as cell ages
- Telomeres aren't actual genes
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