Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Carbohydrates
- Glucose
- The carbon atoms are
numbered going in a
clockwise direction
starting from this
one.
- This is showing
alpha glucose to
make beta just
swap the o and oh
on this carbon
around
- Where is it found?
- It is found in the small intestine after
digestion and inside cells before
respiration.
- Uses
- It is the only fuel used by our nervous
system and is used to produce ATP
- Maltose is made by removing an H and OH from carbon
atoms 4 and 1 respectively. This happens when two
glucose molecules are joined together. It forms an alpha
1-4 glycosidic bond
- Tests for sugars
- Reducing sugars you
boil with benedicts
solution. This is called
the benedicts test. If it
goes from blue to
brick red then there is
a reducing sugar in it.
- Test for nonreducing sugars is
to boil with HCL and then
neutralise with sodium
hydrogen carbonate followed
by a benedicts test shown to
the right of here.
- Lactose is made of galactose
and glucose. Sucrose is made
from glucose and fructose.
- Starch is made from amylopectin and amylose.
Amylopectin is made from alpha 1-4 and alpha 1-6
glycosidic bonds. This causes it to he branched.
Amylose is made up of alpha 1-4 glycosidic bonds so
it is not branched. Glycogen is the same as
amylopectin but has more 1-6 bonds so are more
branched.
- Cellulose is made up of
of many beta glucose
molecules bonded
together using beta 1-4
glycosidic bonds.