ATP, Photosynthesis & Respiration

Beschreibung

Summary of the biochemical reactions learned in A2 Biology
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

ATP, Photosynthesis & Respiration
  1. ATP & Energy
    1. Why Do Organisms Need Energy?
      1. Metabolism
        1. Movement
          1. Locomotion
            1. Blood Circulation
            2. Active Transport
              1. Maintenance, Repair & Division of Cells
                1. Production of Substances
                  1. Enzymes
                    1. Hormones
                    2. Maintenance of Body Temperature (Birds & Mammals)
                    3. How ATP Stores Energy
                      1. Phosphate Bonds
                        1. Low Activation Energy
                          1. Large Energy Release
                          2. ATP + H2O > ADP + Pi + Energy
                          3. Synthesis of ATP
                            1. Addition of Phosphate Molecules
                              1. Photophosphorylation
                                1. Thylakoid Electron Carrier Chain
                                2. Oxidative Phosphorylation
                                  1. Mitochondrial Electron Carrier Chains
                                  2. Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
                                    1. Phosphate From Donor Molecules Eg: Triose Phosphate in Glycolysis
                                3. Roles of ATP
                                  1. Immediate Energy Source
                                    1. Single Reaction, Very Rapid
                                      1. Small, Manageable Quantities
                                        1. Released Directly to Reaction Requiring It
                                    2. Respiration
                                      1. Photosynthesis
                                        1. Leaf Adaptations
                                          1. Large Surface Area
                                            1. Numerous Stomata for Gas Exchange
                                              1. Air Spaces for Diffusion
                                                1. Transparent Cuticle
                                                  1. Thin for Short Diffusion Distance
                                                  2. Light Dependent Reaction
                                                    1. Chloroplast Adaptations
                                                      1. Large Thylakoid Surface Area
                                                        1. Enzymes on Granal Membrane
                                                          1. DNA & Ribosomes for Protein Manufacture
                                                          2. Photolysis of Water
                                                            1. Water Split by Light Energy to Replace Chlorophyll's Lost Electrons When Light Hits It
                                                              1. 2H20 > 4H+ (Protons) + 4e- (Electrons) + O2
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