Immune System

Immune System

Cell-mediated Immunity
1. T-cells
2. defense against infection
  1. like mycobacterium tuberculosis
  2. viral/fungal
3. Allergic response
  1. Ex: poison oak
Antibody-mediated (Humoral) Immunity
1. B-Cells
2. defense against infection
  1. opsonizes bacteria
  2. neutralizes toxins/viruses
3. allergic response ex: Hay fever
4. autoimmunity
SPECIFICITY OF IMMUNE RESPONSE
1. Involves: recognition, activation, and response
2. may be natural (innate)/acquired (adaptive)
NATURAL IMMUNITY
1. Non-specific
2. not acquired from previous exposure
3. Does not improve after exposure
4. NO memory
5. Host defenses
  1. Skin, mucous membranes
  2. Natural killer cells
  3. Phagocytosis
  4. Inflammation
ACUIRED IMMUNITY
1. after exposure
2. improves w/ repeated exposure
3. Mediated by antibodies and T-cells
4. Long-term memory
5. Can be passive/active
ANTIGENS
1. Foreigness: Non-self
2. Dosage, route and timing of exposure
CELLS OF IMMUNE SYSTEM
1. Made up of Leukocytes
2. Granulocytes
  1. Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
3. Lymphocytes
  1. T-cells, B-cells, natural killer cells
4. Monocytes
  1. precursor to macrophage
5. Dendritic Cells
  1. APC's
  2. key regulator
6. Produced in bone marrow
T Cells
1. 65-80% of lymphocytes
2. Arise in bone marrow
3. T-cytotoxic cell
  1. directly kill and attack
4. CD 4 T cell
  1. produce cytokines, stimulate macrophages, NK cells, dendritic cell and other T-cell
B Cells
1. produce antibodies
2. Are APC's
3. Can form memory cells
MACROPHAGES
1. 3 main funcitons
  1. Phagocytosis
  2. Antigen transportation
  3. Cytokine production
Nk cells
1. kill viruses/tumor infected cells
2. Non-specific
3. kill w/o antibody
PMN's
1. most numerous WBC 60%
2. capable of phagocytosis
3. 1st line of defense

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