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Sustainable tourism - Myth or Reality?
- the idea -some countries depend on tourism for development
rather than industrilisation
- Definition - tourism that takes into account its current and future
economic, environmental and social impacts addressing the needs of
visitors, the industry, the environment and host communities.
- tourism should operate within the capacity of regeneration and future productivity of natural
resources (minimise impact and conserve ecosystem), ensure cultural identity is preserved and
local people should have an equitable share in economic benefits(employment for locals)
- environmental - sell local food to reduce food
miles/participate with local businesses, invest in
renewables, waste minimisation, efficient transport
- social - reinvesting profits to local communities,
promote local culture. economic - employ local
residents
- social - reinvesting profits to local communities,
promote local culture. economic - employ local
residents
- form of sustainable tourism = ecotourism -small scale activity which
constitutes less than 5% of market. in order to be successful - num of
visitors must be limited and must be run by local people. minimises
impact on enviro/ecosystems & creates economic opportunities
- mass tourism - degrade local environment and cultures - priorities are economic
- mass tourism - degrade local environment and cultures - priorities are economic
- tourism should operate within the capacity of regeneration and future productivity of natural
resources (minimise impact and conserve ecosystem), ensure cultural identity is preserved and
local people should have an equitable share in economic benefits(employment for locals)
- Definition - tourism that takes into account its current and future
economic, environmental and social impacts addressing the needs of
visitors, the industry, the environment and host communities.
- why it's a myth (not sustainable): resorts are
usually in remote locations - so increase in travel.
high concentration of visitors and poor transport
infrastructure (no roads) damages environment
- Mass tourism - Kenya - Masai Mara game reserve
- gets over 700,000 visitors per year because of diverse landscape
(mountains/ coral reefs/savannahs), warm climate and wildlife
safaris, beaches along coastline - contributes 15% of GNP
- environmental advantage: 23 national parks - tourists pay fee to
enter which is used to maintain those parks which protect
environment. tourists charged to visit development which is used to
improve architecture/healthcare/water supply in lamu
- however - safari vehicles have destroyed vegetation/ soil erosion. coral
reefs in Malindi marine national park have been damaged by tourist
boats anchoring and water sports (140 tonnes of shells removed from
reefs), wildlife have been affected eg feeding and breeding. tourists have
put huge pressure on natural resources and wildlife habitats.
wastewater is discharged into mara river from hotels/camps worsening
water levels
- however - safari vehicles have destroyed vegetation/ soil erosion. coral
reefs in Malindi marine national park have been damaged by tourist
boats anchoring and water sports (140 tonnes of shells removed from
reefs), wildlife have been affected eg feeding and breeding. tourists have
put huge pressure on natural resources and wildlife habitats.
wastewater is discharged into mara river from hotels/camps worsening
water levels
- social negative - marginalised local
population - massai tribes people
were forced off land to create national
parks. western culture has offended
Muslim people in the swahilian society
- economic negative - only 15% of
money earned through tourism
goes to locals - the rest goes to
large companies - unreliable -
results in seasonal
unemployment - doesn't alleviate
poverty
- Economic benefits - has
created jobs and led to
indirect employment in
local businesses
(multiplier effect)
- Economic benefits - has
created jobs and led to
indirect employment in
local businesses
(multiplier effect)
- environmental advantage: 23 national parks - tourists pay fee to
enter which is used to maintain those parks which protect
environment. tourists charged to visit development which is used to
improve architecture/healthcare/water supply in lamu
- Management (sustainable tourism) - walking & horseback riding have been
promoted to reduce pressure on safari areas, anti harassment patrols set up,
flow of tourists have been controlled and distributed to Tsavo west national
park and masai villages - to preserve environment and more managed. in
masai mara basecamp, there has been extensive use of solar power,LED
bulbs, and solar cookers (appropriate tech). garbage is sorted and composted
- gets over 700,000 visitors per year because of diverse landscape
(mountains/ coral reefs/savannahs), warm climate and wildlife
safaris, beaches along coastline - contributes 15% of GNP
- Coastal tourism - Dubai
- Environmental disadvantage - sand used to create palm jumeirah islands have
been dredged from Persian Gulf which have buried coral reefs. there has been a
fall in local fish population as a result of habitat degradation. sediment
erosion/deposition through long shore drift means palms will need constant
artificial sediment redistribution. desert ecosystem has been damaged by tourist
activity such as riding over sand dunes - artificial channels created speeds up rate
of erosion
- environmental advantage - sustainable ecotourism by CBOs have been promoted -desert
safaris include visits to the Dubai Desert Conservation Reserve - visitors educated about
environment and staff are employed to undertake ecological programmes. through
careful management and monitoring threatened gazelle species have been reintroduced
- environmental advantage - sustainable ecotourism by CBOs have been promoted -desert
safaris include visits to the Dubai Desert Conservation Reserve - visitors educated about
environment and staff are employed to undertake ecological programmes. through
careful management and monitoring threatened gazelle species have been reintroduced
- Environmental disadvantage - sand used to create palm jumeirah islands have
been dredged from Persian Gulf which have buried coral reefs. there has been a
fall in local fish population as a result of habitat degradation. sediment
erosion/deposition through long shore drift means palms will need constant
artificial sediment redistribution. desert ecosystem has been damaged by tourist
activity such as riding over sand dunes - artificial channels created speeds up rate
of erosion
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